Merge pull request #13 from walterschell/feature/5.4.4

Released 2022-01-26
2024-09-19 13:22:16 +00:00 · 2022-01-27 20:26:10 -05:00 · 2022-01-27 20:26:10 -05:00 · 0ab5db21e8
commit 0ab5db21e8
parent 1b44ef82ee 8fb38ab00c
80 changed files with 625 additions and 343 deletions
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
-project(lua LANGUAGES C VERSION 5.4.3)
+project(lua LANGUAGES C VERSION 5.4.4)

 option(LUA_SUPPORT_DL "Support dynamic loading of compiled modules" OFF)
 option(LUA_BUILD_AS_CXX "Build lua as C++" OFF)
@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ else()
 endif()


-add_subdirectory(lua-5.4.3)
+add_subdirectory(lua-5.4.4)
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Lua
-CMake based build of Lua 5.4.3  
+CMake based build of Lua 5.4.4  
 | Build as C | Build as C++ |
 | --: | --: |
 | ![Build Linux](https://github.com/walterschell/Lua/actions/workflows/build-linux.yml/badge.svg?branch=master) | ![Build Linux as C++](https://github.com/walterschell/Lua/actions/workflows/build-emscripten-cxx.yml/badge.svg?branch=master) |
--- a/lua-5.4.4/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/CMakeLists.txt
--- a/lua-5.4.4/Makefile
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/Makefile
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ TO_MAN= lua.1 luac.1

 # Lua version and release.
 V= 5.4
-R= $V.3
+R= $V.4

 # Targets start here.
 all:	$(PLAT)
--- a/lua-5.4.4/README
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/README
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@

-This is Lua 5.4.3, released on 15 Mar 2021.
+This is Lua 5.4.4, released on 13 Jan 2022.

 For installation instructions, license details, and
 further information about Lua, see doc/readme.html.
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/contents.html
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/contents.html
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book

 <P>
 <SMALL>
-Copyright &copy; 2020&ndash;2021 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Copyright &copy; 2020&ndash;2022 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
 Freely available under the terms of the
 <A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</A>.
 </SMALL>
@ -664,10 +664,10 @@ Freely available under the terms of the

 <P CLASS="footer">
 Last update:
-Wed Mar  3 13:04:44 UTC 2021
+Thu Jan 13 11:32:22 UTC 2022
 </P>
 <!--
-Last change: revised for Lua 5.4.3
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.4.4
 -->

 </BODY>
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/index.css
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/index.css
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/logo.gif
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/logo.gif
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/lua.1
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/lua.1
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/lua.css
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/lua.css
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/luac.1
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/luac.1
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/manual.css
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/manual.css
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/manual.html
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/manual.html
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes

 <P>
 <SMALL>
-Copyright &copy; 2020&ndash;2021 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Copyright &copy; 2020&ndash;2022 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
 Freely available under the terms of the
 <a href="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</a>.
 </SMALL>
@ -961,11 +961,8 @@ these marks have no effect.


 <p>
-Finalizers cannot yield.
-Except for that, they can do anything,
-such as raise errors, create new objects,
-or even run the garbage collector.
-However, because they can run in unpredictable times,
+Finalizers cannot yield nor run the garbage collector.
+Because they can run in unpredictable times,
 it is good practice to restrict each finalizer
 to the minimum necessary to properly release
 its associated resource.
@ -1636,8 +1633,10 @@ before the adjustment


 <p>
-The assignment statement first evaluates all its expressions
-and only then the assignments are performed.
+If a variable is both assigned and read
+inside a multiple assignment,
+Lua ensures all reads get the value of the variable
+before the assignment.
 Thus the code

 <pre>
@ -1661,6 +1660,14 @@ and
 cyclically permutes the values of <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>.


+<p>
+Note that this guarantee covers only accesses
+syntactically inside the assignment statement.
+If a function or a metamethod called during the assignment
+changes the value of a variable,
+Lua gives no guarantees about the order of that access.
+
+
 <p>
 An assignment to a global name <code>x = val</code>
 is equivalent to the assignment
@ -2416,16 +2423,21 @@ character is one byte.)
 <p>
 The length operator applied on a table
 returns a border in that table.
-A <em>border</em> in a table <code>t</code> is any natural number
+A <em>border</em> in a table <code>t</code> is any non-negative integer
 that satisfies the following condition:

 <pre>
-     (border == 0 or t[border] ~= nil) and t[border + 1] == nil
+     (border == 0 or t[border] ~= nil) and
+     (t[border + 1] == nil or border == math.maxinteger)
 </pre><p>
 In words,
-a border is any (natural) index present in the table
-that is followed by an absent index
-(or zero, when index 1 is absent).
+a border is any positive integer index present in the table
+that is followed by an absent index,
+plus two limit cases:
+zero, when index 1 is absent;
+and the maximum value for an integer, when that index is present.
+Note that keys that are not positive integers
+do not interfere with borders.


 <p>
@ -2436,12 +2448,9 @@ The table <code>{10, 20, 30, nil, 50}</code> has two borders (3 and 5),
 and therefore it is not a sequence.
 (The <b>nil</b> at index 4 is called a <em>hole</em>.)
 The table <code>{nil, 20, 30, nil, nil, 60, nil}</code>
-has three borders (0, 3, and 6) and three holes
-(at indices 1, 4, and 5),
+has three borders (0, 3, and 6),
 so it is not a sequence, too.
 The table <code>{}</code> is a sequence with border 0.
-Note that non-natural keys do not interfere
-with whether a table is a sequence.


 <p>
@ -2459,7 +2468,7 @@ the memory addresses of its non-numeric keys.)
 <p>
 The computation of the length of a table
 has a guaranteed worst time of <em>O(log n)</em>,
-where <em>n</em> is the largest natural key in the table.
+where <em>n</em> is the largest integer key in the table.


 <p>
@ -3979,6 +3988,10 @@ For more details about these options,
 see <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a>.


+<p>
+This function should not be called by a finalizer.
+
+



@ -5933,7 +5946,10 @@ information about a function or an activation record.
 <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> fills only the private part
 of this structure, for later use.
 To fill the other fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> with useful information,
-you must call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+you must call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a> with an appropriate parameter.
+(Specifically, to get a field,
+you must add the letter between parentheses in the field's comment
+to the parameter <code>what</code> of <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.)


 <p>
@ -6110,11 +6126,25 @@ you can write the following code:
 <p>
 Each character in the string <code>what</code>
 selects some fields of the structure <code>ar</code> to be filled or
-a value to be pushed on the stack:
+a value to be pushed on the stack.
+(These characters are also documented in the declaration of
+the structure <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a>,
+between parentheses in the comments following each field.)

 <ul>

-<li><b>'<code>n</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>name</code> and <code>namewhat</code>;
+<li><b>'<code>f</code>': </b>
+pushes onto the stack the function that is
+running at the given level;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>l</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>currentline</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>n</code>': </b> fills in the fields <code>name</code> and <code>namewhat</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>r</code>': </b> fills in the fields <code>ftransfer</code> and <code>ntransfer</code>;
 </li>

 <li><b>'<code>S</code>': </b>
@ -6122,9 +6152,6 @@ fills in the fields <code>source</code>, <code>short_src</code>,
 <code>linedefined</code>, <code>lastlinedefined</code>, and <code>what</code>;
 </li>

-<li><b>'<code>l</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>currentline</code>;
-</li>
-
 <li><b>'<code>t</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>istailcall</code>;
 </li>

@ -6132,25 +6159,13 @@ fills in the fields <code>source</code>, <code>short_src</code>,
 <code>nups</code>, <code>nparams</code>, and <code>isvararg</code>;
 </li>

-<li><b>'<code>f</code>': </b>
-pushes onto the stack the function that is
-running at the given level;
-</li>
-
 <li><b>'<code>L</code>': </b>
-pushes onto the stack a table whose indices are the
-numbers of the lines that are valid on the function.
-(A <em>valid line</em> is a line with some associated code,
-that is, a line where you can put a break point.
-Non-valid lines include empty lines and comments.)
-
-
-<p>
+pushes onto the stack a table whose indices are
+the lines on the function with some associated code,
+that is, the lines where you can put a break point.
+(Lines with no code include empty lines and comments.)
 If this option is given together with option '<code>f</code>',
 its table is pushed after the function.
-
-
-<p>
 This is the only option that can raise a memory error.
 </li>

@ -6508,7 +6523,7 @@ Adds the byte <code>c</code> to the buffer <code>B</code>


 <hr><h3><a name="luaL_addgsub"><code>luaL_addgsub</code></a></h3><p>
-<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
 <pre>const void luaL_addgsub (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s,
                         const char *p, const char *r);</pre>

@ -6562,7 +6577,7 @@ to the buffer <code>B</code>


 <hr><h3><a name="luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a></h3><p>
-<span class="apii">[-1, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
 <pre>void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>

 <p>
@ -6716,7 +6731,7 @@ Note that any addition to the buffer may invalidate this address.


 <hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a></h3><p>
-<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, &ndash;]</span>
 <pre>void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>

 <p>
@ -6754,7 +6769,7 @@ Equivalent to the sequence


 <hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffsub"><code>luaL_buffsub</code></a></h3><p>
-<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, &ndash;]</span>
 <pre>void luaL_buffsub (luaL_Buffer *B, int n);</pre>

 <p>
@ -7557,6 +7572,11 @@ on top of the library table.
 These values are popped from the stack after the registration.


+<p>
+A function with a <code>NULL</code> value represents a placeholder,
+which is filled with <b>false</b>.
+
+



@ -7919,6 +7939,10 @@ See <a href="#2.5">&sect;2.5</a> for more details about garbage collection
 and some of these options.


+<p>
+This function should not be called by a finalizer.
+
+


 <p>
@ -7936,7 +7960,7 @@ to its caller.

 <p>
 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-error"><code>error (message [, level])</code></a></h3>
-Raises an error (see <a href="#2.3">&sect;2.3</a>) with @{message} as the error object.
+Raises an error (see <a href="#2.3">&sect;2.3</a>) with <code>message</code> as the error object.
 This function never returns.


@ -8111,9 +8135,8 @@ use a numerical <b>for</b>.)


 <p>
-The behavior of <code>next</code> is undefined if,
-during the traversal,
-you assign any value to a non-existent field in the table.
+You should not assign any value to a non-existent field in a table
+during its traversal.
 You may however modify existing fields.
 In particular, you may set existing fields to nil.

@ -8159,7 +8182,7 @@ This means that any error inside&nbsp;<code>f</code> is not propagated;
 instead, <code>pcall</code> catches the error
 and returns a status code.
 Its first result is the status code (a boolean),
-which is true if the call succeeds without errors.
+which is <b>true</b> if the call succeeds without errors.
 In such case, <code>pcall</code> also returns all results from the call,
 after this first result.
 In case of any error, <code>pcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error object.
@ -8439,7 +8462,7 @@ an object with type <code>"thread"</code>.


 <p>
-Returns true when the coroutine <code>co</code> can yield.
+Returns <b>true</b> when the coroutine <code>co</code> can yield.
 The default for <code>co</code> is the running coroutine.


@ -8483,7 +8506,7 @@ If there is any error,

 <p>
 Returns the running coroutine plus a boolean,
-true when the running coroutine is the main one.
+<b>true</b> when the running coroutine is the main one.



@ -9021,7 +9044,7 @@ otherwise, it returns <b>fail</b>.
 A third, optional numeric argument <code>init</code> specifies
 where to start the search;
 its default value is&nbsp;1 and can be negative.
-A value of <b>true</b> as a fourth, optional argument <code>plain</code>
+A <b>true</b> as a fourth, optional argument <code>plain</code>
 turns off the pattern matching facilities,
 so the function does a plain "find substring" operation,
 with no characters in <code>pattern</code> being considered magic.
@ -9046,8 +9069,10 @@ following the description given in its first argument,
 which must be a string.
 The format string follows the same rules as the ISO&nbsp;C function <code>sprintf</code>.
 The only differences are that the conversion specifiers and modifiers
-<code>*</code>, <code>h</code>, <code>L</code>, <code>l</code>, and <code>n</code> are not supported
+<code>F</code>, <code>n</code>, <code>*</code>, <code>h</code>, <code>L</code>, and <code>l</code> are not supported
 and that there is an extra specifier, <code>q</code>.
+Both width and precision, when present,
+are limited to two digits.


 <p>
@ -9071,7 +9096,7 @@ may produce the string:
     "a string with \"quotes\" and \
      new line"
 </pre><p>
-This specifier does not support modifiers (flags, width, length).
+This specifier does not support modifiers (flags, width, precision).


 <p>
@ -10362,7 +10387,7 @@ or <b>fail</b> if <code>x</code> is not a number.

 <p>
 Returns a boolean,
-true if and only if integer <code>m</code> is below integer <code>n</code> when
+<b>true</b> if and only if integer <code>m</code> is below integer <code>n</code> when
 they are compared as unsigned integers.


@ -11924,10 +11949,10 @@ and LiteralString, see <a href="#3.1">&sect;3.1</a>.)

 <P CLASS="footer">
 Last update:
-Mon Mar 15 13:39:42 UTC 2021
+Thu Jan 13 11:33:16 UTC 2022
 </P>
 <!--
-Last change: revised for Lua 5.4.3
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.4.4
 -->

 </body></html>
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/osi-certified-72x60.png
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/osi-certified-72x60.png
--- a/lua-5.4.4/doc/readme.html
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/doc/readme.html
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ Here are the details.
 <OL>
 <LI>
 Open a terminal window and move to
-the top-level directory, which is named <TT>lua-5.4.3</TT>.
+the top-level directory, which is named <TT>lua-5.4.4</TT>.
 The <TT>Makefile</TT> there controls both the build process and the installation process.
 <P>
 <LI>
@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ For details, see
 <A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">this</A>.

 <BLOCKQUOTE STYLE="padding-bottom: 0em">
-Copyright &copy; 1994&ndash;2021 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Copyright &copy; 1994&ndash;2022 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.

 <P>
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@ -330,10 +330,10 @@ THE SOFTWARE.

 <P CLASS="footer">
 Last update:
-Wed Mar  3 10:16:26 UTC 2021
+Mon Jan  3 09:54:18 UTC 2022
 </P>
 <!--
-Last change: revised for Lua 5.4.3
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.4.4
 -->

 </BODY>
--- a/lua-5.4.4/include/lauxlib.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/include/lauxlib.h
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void);

 LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);

-LUALIB_API void luaL_addgsub (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addgsub) (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
                                     const char *p, const char *r);
 LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s,
                                    const char *p, const char *r);
@ -154,6 +154,14 @@ LUALIB_API void (luaL_requiref) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
 #define luaL_loadbuffer(L,s,sz,n)	luaL_loadbufferx(L,s,sz,n,NULL)


+/*
+** Perform arithmetic operations on lua_Integer values with wrap-around
+** semantics, as the Lua core does.
+*/
+#define luaL_intop(op,v1,v2)  \
+	((lua_Integer)((lua_Unsigned)(v1) op (lua_Unsigned)(v2)))
+
+
 /* push the value used to represent failure/error */
 #define luaL_pushfail(L)	lua_pushnil(L)

--- a/lua-5.4.4/include/lua.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/include/lua.h
@ -18,14 +18,14 @@

 #define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR	"5"
 #define LUA_VERSION_MINOR	"4"
-#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE	"3"
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE	"4"

 #define LUA_VERSION_NUM			504
-#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_NUM		(LUA_VERSION_NUM * 100 + 0)
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_NUM		(LUA_VERSION_NUM * 100 + 4)

 #define LUA_VERSION	"Lua " LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
 #define LUA_RELEASE	LUA_VERSION "." LUA_VERSION_RELEASE
-#define LUA_COPYRIGHT	LUA_RELEASE "  Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
+#define LUA_COPYRIGHT	LUA_RELEASE "  Copyright (C) 1994-2022 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
 #define LUA_AUTHORS	"R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes"


@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ struct lua_Debug {


 /******************************************************************************
-* Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+* Copyright (C) 1994-2022 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
--- a/lua-5.4.4/include/lua.hpp
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/include/lua.hpp
--- a/lua-5.4.4/include/luaconf.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/include/luaconf.h
@ -485,7 +485,6 @@
@@ LUA_MAXINTEGER is the maximum value for a LUA_INTEGER.
@@ LUA_MININTEGER is the minimum value for a LUA_INTEGER.
@@ LUA_MAXUNSIGNED is the maximum value for a LUA_UNSIGNED.
-@@ LUA_UNSIGNEDBITS is the number of bits in a LUA_UNSIGNED.
@@ lua_integer2str converts an integer to a string.
 */

@ -506,9 +505,6 @@
 #define LUA_UNSIGNED		unsigned LUAI_UACINT


-#define LUA_UNSIGNEDBITS	(sizeof(LUA_UNSIGNED) * CHAR_BIT)
-
-
 /* now the variable definitions */

 #if LUA_INT_TYPE == LUA_INT_INT		/* { int */
--- a/lua-5.4.4/include/lualib.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/include/lualib.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/Makefile
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/Makefile
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ echo:
 	@echo "PLAT= $(PLAT)"
 	@echo "CC= $(CC)"
 	@echo "CFLAGS= $(CFLAGS)"
-	@echo "LDFLAGS= $(SYSLDFLAGS)"
+	@echo "LDFLAGS= $(LDFLAGS)"
 	@echo "LIBS= $(LIBS)"
 	@echo "AR= $(AR)"
 	@echo "RANLIB= $(RANLIB)"
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lapi.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lapi.c
@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ const char lua_ident[] =
 #define isupvalue(i)		((i) < LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)


+/*
+** Convert an acceptable index to a pointer to its respective value.
+** Non-valid indices return the special nil value 'G(L)->nilvalue'.
+*/
 static TValue *index2value (lua_State *L, int idx) {
  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
  if (idx > 0) {
@ -70,22 +74,28 @@ static TValue *index2value (lua_State *L, int idx) {
  else {  /* upvalues */
    idx = LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - idx;
    api_check(L, idx <= MAXUPVAL + 1, "upvalue index too large");
-    if (ttislcf(s2v(ci->func)))  /* light C function? */
-      return &G(L)->nilvalue;  /* it has no upvalues */
-    else {
+    if (ttisCclosure(s2v(ci->func))) {  /* C closure? */
      CClosure *func = clCvalue(s2v(ci->func));
      return (idx <= func->nupvalues) ? &func->upvalue[idx-1]
                                      : &G(L)->nilvalue;
    }
+    else {  /* light C function or Lua function (through a hook)?) */
+      api_check(L, ttislcf(s2v(ci->func)), "caller not a C function");
+      return &G(L)->nilvalue;  /* no upvalues */
+    }
  }
 }


-static StkId index2stack (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+
+/*
+** Convert a valid actual index (not a pseudo-index) to its address.
+*/
+l_sinline StkId index2stack (lua_State *L, int idx) {
  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
  if (idx > 0) {
    StkId o = ci->func + idx;
-    api_check(L, o < L->top, "unacceptable index");
+    api_check(L, o < L->top, "invalid index");
    return o;
  }
  else {    /* non-positive index */
@ -218,7 +228,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_closeslot (lua_State *L, int idx) {
 ** Note that we move(copy) only the value inside the stack.
 ** (We do not move additional fields that may exist.)
 */
-static void reverse (lua_State *L, StkId from, StkId to) {
+l_sinline void reverse (lua_State *L, StkId from, StkId to) {
  for (; from < to; from++, to--) {
    TValue temp;
    setobj(L, &temp, s2v(from));
@ -438,7 +448,7 @@ LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
 }


-static void *touserdata (const TValue *o) {
+l_sinline void *touserdata (const TValue *o) {
  switch (ttype(o)) {
    case LUA_TUSERDATA: return getudatamem(uvalue(o));
    case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(o);
@ -630,7 +640,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) {
 */


-static int auxgetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
+l_sinline int auxgetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
  const TValue *slot;
  TString *str = luaS_new(L, k);
  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, str, slot, luaH_getstr)) {
@ -705,7 +715,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_geti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
 }


-static int finishrawget (lua_State *L, const TValue *val) {
+l_sinline int finishrawget (lua_State *L, const TValue *val) {
  if (isempty(val))  /* avoid copying empty items to the stack */
    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top));
  else
@ -1126,18 +1136,19 @@ LUA_API int lua_status (lua_State *L) {
 LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
  va_list argp;
  int res = 0;
-  global_State *g;
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (g->gcstp & GCSTPGC)  /* internal stop? */
+    return -1;  /* all options are invalid when stopped */
  lua_lock(L);
-  g = G(L);
  va_start(argp, what);
  switch (what) {
    case LUA_GCSTOP: {
-      g->gcrunning = 0;
+      g->gcstp = GCSTPUSR;  /* stopped by the user */
      break;
    }
    case LUA_GCRESTART: {
      luaE_setdebt(g, 0);
-      g->gcrunning = 1;
+      g->gcstp = 0;  /* (GCSTPGC must be already zero here) */
      break;
    }
    case LUA_GCCOLLECT: {
@ -1156,8 +1167,8 @@ LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
    case LUA_GCSTEP: {
      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
      l_mem debt = 1;  /* =1 to signal that it did an actual step */
-      lu_byte oldrunning = g->gcrunning;
-      g->gcrunning = 1;  /* allow GC to run */
+      lu_byte oldstp = g->gcstp;
+      g->gcstp = 0;  /* allow GC to run (GCSTPGC must be zero here) */
      if (data == 0) {
        luaE_setdebt(g, 0);  /* do a basic step */
        luaC_step(L);
@ -1167,7 +1178,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
        luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
        luaC_checkGC(L);
      }
-      g->gcrunning = oldrunning;  /* restore previous state */
+      g->gcstp = oldstp;  /* restore previous state */
      if (debt > 0 && g->gcstate == GCSpause)  /* end of cycle? */
        res = 1;  /* signal it */
      break;
@ -1185,7 +1196,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
      break;
    }
    case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
-      res = g->gcrunning;
+      res = gcrunning(g);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_GCGEN: {
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lapi.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lapi.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lauxlib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lauxlib.c
@ -881,6 +881,7 @@ LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_len (lua_State *L, int idx) {


 LUALIB_API const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+  idx = lua_absindex(L,idx);
  if (luaL_callmeta(L, idx, "__tostring")) {  /* metafield? */
    if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
      luaL_error(L, "'__tostring' must return a string");
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lbaselib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lbaselib.c
@ -182,12 +182,20 @@ static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {


 static int pushmode (lua_State *L, int oldmode) {
-  lua_pushstring(L, (oldmode == LUA_GCINC) ? "incremental"
-                                           : "generational");
+  if (oldmode == -1)
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* invalid call to 'lua_gc' */
+  else
+    lua_pushstring(L, (oldmode == LUA_GCINC) ? "incremental"
+                                             : "generational");
  return 1;
 }


+/*
+** check whether call to 'lua_gc' was valid (not inside a finalizer)
+*/
+#define checkvalres(res) { if (res == -1) break; }
+
 static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
  static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
    "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul",
@ -200,12 +208,14 @@ static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
    case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
      int k = lua_gc(L, o);
      int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB);
+      checkvalres(k);
      lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)k + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
      return 1;
    }
    case LUA_GCSTEP: {
      int step = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
      int res = lua_gc(L, o, step);
+      checkvalres(res);
      lua_pushboolean(L, res);
      return 1;
    }
@ -213,11 +223,13 @@ static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
    case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
      int p = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
      int previous = lua_gc(L, o, p);
+      checkvalres(previous);
      lua_pushinteger(L, previous);
      return 1;
    }
    case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
      int res = lua_gc(L, o);
+      checkvalres(res);
      lua_pushboolean(L, res);
      return 1;
    }
@ -234,10 +246,13 @@ static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
    }
    default: {
      int res = lua_gc(L, o);
+      checkvalres(res);
      lua_pushinteger(L, res);
      return 1;
    }
  }
+  luaL_pushfail(L);  /* invalid call (inside a finalizer) */
+  return 1;
 }


@ -261,6 +276,11 @@ static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
 }


+static int pairscont (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext k) {
+  (void)L; (void)status; (void)k;  /* unused */
+  return 3;
+}
+
 static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
  if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__pairs") == LUA_TNIL) {  /* no metamethod? */
@ -270,7 +290,7 @@ static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
  }
  else {
    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* argument 'self' to metamethod */
-    lua_call(L, 1, 3);  /* get 3 values from metamethod */
+    lua_callk(L, 1, 3, 0, pairscont);  /* get 3 values from metamethod */
  }
  return 3;
 }
@ -280,7 +300,8 @@ static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
 ** Traversal function for 'ipairs'
 */
 static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_Integer i = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2) + 1;
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  i = luaL_intop(+, i, 1);
  lua_pushinteger(L, i);
  return (lua_geti(L, 1, i) == LUA_TNIL) ? 1 : 2;
 }
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lcode.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lcode.c
@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "lprefix.h"


+#include <float.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@ -580,24 +581,41 @@ static int stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) {

 /*
 ** Add an integer to list of constants and return its index.
-** Integers use userdata as keys to avoid collision with floats with
-** same value; conversion to 'void*' is used only for hashing, so there
-** are no "precision" problems.
 */
 static int luaK_intK (FuncState *fs, lua_Integer n) {
-  TValue k, o;
-  setpvalue(&k, cast_voidp(cast_sizet(n)));
+  TValue o;
  setivalue(&o, n);
-  return addk(fs, &k, &o);
+  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use integer itself as key */
 }

 /*
-** Add a float to list of constants and return its index.
+** Add a float to list of constants and return its index. Floats
+** with integral values need a different key, to avoid collision
+** with actual integers. To that, we add to the number its smaller
+** power-of-two fraction that is still significant in its scale.
+** For doubles, that would be 1/2^52.
+** (This method is not bulletproof: there may be another float
+** with that value, and for floats larger than 2^53 the result is
+** still an integer. At worst, this only wastes an entry with
+** a duplicate.)
 */
 static int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) {
  TValue o;
+  lua_Integer ik;
  setfltvalue(&o, r);
-  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use number itself as key */
+  if (!luaV_flttointeger(r, &ik, F2Ieq))  /* not an integral value? */
+    return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use number itself as key */
+  else {  /* must build an alternative key */
+    const int nbm = l_floatatt(MANT_DIG);
+    const lua_Number q = l_mathop(ldexp)(l_mathop(1.0), -nbm + 1);
+    const lua_Number k = (ik == 0) ? q : r + r*q;  /* new key */
+    TValue kv;
+    setfltvalue(&kv, k);
+    /* result is not an integral value, unless value is too large */
+    lua_assert(!luaV_flttointeger(k, &ik, F2Ieq) ||
+                l_mathop(fabs)(r) >= l_mathop(1e6));
+    return addk(fs, &kv, &o);
+  }
 }


--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lcode.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lcode.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lcorolib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lcorolib.c
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {
    if (stat != LUA_OK && stat != LUA_YIELD) {  /* error in the coroutine? */
      stat = lua_resetthread(co);  /* close its tbc variables */
      lua_assert(stat != LUA_OK);
-      lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* copy error message */
+      lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* move error message to the caller */
    }
    if (stat != LUA_ERRMEM &&  /* not a memory error and ... */
        lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TSTRING) {  /* ... error object is a string? */
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ static int luaB_close (lua_State *L) {
      }
      else {
        lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
-        lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* copy error message */
+        lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* move error message */
        return 2;
      }
    }
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lctype.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lctype.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lctype.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lctype.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ldblib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ldblib.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ldebug.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ldebug.c
@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 #define noLuaClosure(f)		((f) == NULL || (f)->c.tt == LUA_VCCL)


-static const char *funcnamefromcode (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
-                                    const char **name);
+static const char *funcnamefromcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
+                                                   const char **name);


 static int currentpc (CallInfo *ci) {
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static int getbaseline (const Proto *f, int pc, int *basepc) {
  }
  else {
    int i = cast_uint(pc) / MAXIWTHABS - 1;  /* get an estimate */
-    /* estimate must be a lower bond of the correct base */
+    /* estimate must be a lower bound of the correct base */
    lua_assert(i < 0 ||
              (i < f->sizeabslineinfo && f->abslineinfo[i].pc <= pc));
    while (i + 1 < f->sizeabslineinfo && pc >= f->abslineinfo[i + 1].pc)
@ -301,7 +301,14 @@ static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {
    sethvalue2s(L, L->top, t);  /* push it on stack */
    api_incr_top(L);
    setbtvalue(&v);  /* boolean 'true' to be the value of all indices */
-    for (i = 0; i < p->sizelineinfo; i++) {  /* for all instructions */
+    if (!p->is_vararg)  /* regular function? */
+      i = 0;  /* consider all instructions */
+    else {  /* vararg function */
+      lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(p->code[0]) == OP_VARARGPREP);
+      currentline = nextline(p, currentline, 0);
+      i = 1;  /* skip first instruction (OP_VARARGPREP) */
+    }
+    for (; i < p->sizelineinfo; i++) {  /* for each instruction */
      currentline = nextline(p, currentline, i);  /* get its line */
      luaH_setint(L, t, currentline, &v);  /* table[line] = true */
    }
@ -310,15 +317,9 @@ static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {


 static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name) {
-  if (ci == NULL)  /* no 'ci'? */
-    return NULL;  /* no info */
-  else if (ci->callstatus & CIST_FIN) {  /* is this a finalizer? */
-    *name = "__gc";
-    return "metamethod";  /* report it as such */
-  }
-  /* calling function is a known Lua function? */
-  else if (!(ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL) && isLua(ci->previous))
-    return funcnamefromcode(L, ci->previous, name);
+  /* calling function is a known function? */
+  if (ci != NULL && !(ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL))
+    return funcnamefromcall(L, ci->previous, name);
  else return NULL;  /* no way to find a name */
 }

@ -590,16 +591,10 @@ static const char *getobjname (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
 ** Returns what the name is (e.g., "for iterator", "method",
 ** "metamethod") and sets '*name' to point to the name.
 */
-static const char *funcnamefromcode (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
-                                     const char **name) {
+static const char *funcnamefromcode (lua_State *L, const Proto *p,
+                                     int pc, const char **name) {
  TMS tm = (TMS)0;  /* (initial value avoids warnings) */
-  const Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;  /* calling function */
-  int pc = currentpc(ci);  /* calling instruction index */
  Instruction i = p->code[pc];  /* calling instruction */
-  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED) {  /* was it called inside a hook? */
-    *name = "?";
-    return "hook";
-  }
  switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
    case OP_CALL:
    case OP_TAILCALL:
@ -636,6 +631,26 @@ static const char *funcnamefromcode (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
  return "metamethod";
 }

+
+/*
+** Try to find a name for a function based on how it was called.
+*/
+static const char *funcnamefromcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
+                                                   const char **name) {
+  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED) {  /* was it called inside a hook? */
+    *name = "?";
+    return "hook";
+  }
+  else if (ci->callstatus & CIST_FIN) {  /* was it called as a finalizer? */
+    *name = "__gc";
+    return "metamethod";  /* report it as such */
+  }
+  else if (isLua(ci))
+    return funcnamefromcode(L, ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci), name);
+  else
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 /* }====================================================== */


@ -675,9 +690,21 @@ static const char *getupvalname (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o,
 }


+static const char *formatvarinfo (lua_State *L, const char *kind,
+                                                const char *name) {
+  if (kind == NULL)
+    return "";  /* no information */
+  else
+    return luaO_pushfstring(L, " (%s '%s')", kind, name);
+}
+
+/*
+** Build a string with a "description" for the value 'o', such as
+** "variable 'x'" or "upvalue 'y'".
+*/
 static const char *varinfo (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
-  const char *name = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  const char *name = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
  const char *kind = NULL;
  if (isLua(ci)) {
    kind = getupvalname(ci, o, &name);  /* check whether 'o' is an upvalue */
@ -685,26 +712,40 @@ static const char *varinfo (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
      kind = getobjname(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci),
                        cast_int(cast(StkId, o) - (ci->func + 1)), &name);
  }
-  return (kind) ? luaO_pushfstring(L, " (%s '%s')", kind, name) : "";
+  return formatvarinfo(L, kind, name);
 }


-l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) {
+/*
+** Raise a type error
+*/
+static l_noret typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op,
+                          const char *extra) {
  const char *t = luaT_objtypename(L, o);
-  luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value%s", op, t, varinfo(L, o));
+  luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value%s", op, t, extra);
 }


+/*
+** Raise a type error with "standard" information about the faulty
+** object 'o' (using 'varinfo').
+*/
+l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) {
+  typeerror(L, o, op, varinfo(L, o));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Raise an error for calling a non-callable object. Try to find a name
+** for the object based on how it was called ('funcnamefromcall'); if it
+** cannot get a name there, try 'varinfo'.
+*/
 l_noret luaG_callerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
  const char *name = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
-  const char *what = (isLua(ci)) ? funcnamefromcode(L, ci, &name) : NULL;
-  if (what != NULL) {
-    const char *t = luaT_objtypename(L, o);
-    luaG_runerror(L, "%s '%s' is not callable (a %s value)", what, name, t);
-  }
-  else
-    luaG_typeerror(L, o, "call");
+  const char *kind = funcnamefromcall(L, ci, &name);
+  const char *extra = kind ? formatvarinfo(L, kind, name) : varinfo(L, o);
+  typeerror(L, o, "call", extra);
 }


--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ldebug.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ldebug.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ldo.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ldo.c
@ -387,15 +387,18 @@ static void rethook (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres) {
 ** stack, below original 'func', so that 'luaD_precall' can call it. Raise
 ** an error if there is no '__call' metafield.
 */
-void luaD_tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
-  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, s2v(func), TM_CALL);
+StkId luaD_tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
+  const TValue *tm;
  StkId p;
+  checkstackGCp(L, 1, func);  /* space for metamethod */
+  tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, s2v(func), TM_CALL);  /* (after previous GC) */
  if (l_unlikely(ttisnil(tm)))
    luaG_callerror(L, s2v(func));  /* nothing to call */
  for (p = L->top; p > func; p--)  /* open space for metamethod */
    setobjs2s(L, p, p-1);
  L->top++;  /* stack space pre-allocated by the caller */
  setobj2s(L, func, tm);  /* metamethod is the new function to be called */
+  return func;
 }


@ -405,7 +408,7 @@ void luaD_tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
 ** expressions, multiple results for tail calls/single parameters)
 ** separated.
 */
-static void moveresults (lua_State *L, StkId res, int nres, int wanted) {
+l_sinline void moveresults (lua_State *L, StkId res, int nres, int wanted) {
  StkId firstresult;
  int i;
  switch (wanted) {  /* handle typical cases separately */
@ -473,27 +476,81 @@ void luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres) {
 #define next_ci(L)  (L->ci->next ? L->ci->next : luaE_extendCI(L))


+l_sinline CallInfo *prepCallInfo (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nret,
+                                                int mask, StkId top) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci = next_ci(L);  /* new frame */
+  ci->func = func;
+  ci->nresults = nret;
+  ci->callstatus = mask;
+  ci->top = top;
+  return ci;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** precall for C functions
+*/
+l_sinline int precallC (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults,
+                                            lua_CFunction f) {
+  int n;  /* number of returns */
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  checkstackGCp(L, LUA_MINSTACK, func);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
+  L->ci = ci = prepCallInfo(L, func, nresults, CIST_C,
+                               L->top + LUA_MINSTACK);
+  lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+  if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)) {
+    int narg = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1;
+    luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1, 1, narg);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  n = (*f)(L);  /* do the actual call */
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, n);
+  luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);
+  return n;
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Prepare a function for a tail call, building its call info on top
 ** of the current call info. 'narg1' is the number of arguments plus 1
-** (so that it includes the function itself).
+** (so that it includes the function itself). Return the number of
+** results, if it was a C function, or -1 for a Lua function.
 */
-void luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func, int narg1) {
-  Proto *p = clLvalue(s2v(func))->p;
-  int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
-  int nfixparams = p->numparams;
-  int i;
-  for (i = 0; i < narg1; i++)  /* move down function and arguments */
-    setobjs2s(L, ci->func + i, func + i);
-  checkstackGC(L, fsize);
-  func = ci->func;  /* moved-down function */
-  for (; narg1 <= nfixparams; narg1++)
-    setnilvalue(s2v(func + narg1));  /* complete missing arguments */
-  ci->top = func + 1 + fsize;  /* top for new function */
-  lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
-  ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
-  ci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL;
-  L->top = func + narg1;  /* set top */
+int luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func,
+                                    int narg1, int delta) {
+ retry:
+  switch (ttypetag(s2v(func))) {
+    case LUA_VCCL:  /* C closure */
+      return precallC(L, func, LUA_MULTRET, clCvalue(s2v(func))->f);
+    case LUA_VLCF:  /* light C function */
+      return precallC(L, func, LUA_MULTRET, fvalue(s2v(func)));
+    case LUA_VLCL: {  /* Lua function */
+      Proto *p = clLvalue(s2v(func))->p;
+      int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
+      int nfixparams = p->numparams;
+      int i;
+      checkstackGCp(L, fsize - delta, func);
+      ci->func -= delta;  /* restore 'func' (if vararg) */
+      for (i = 0; i < narg1; i++)  /* move down function and arguments */
+        setobjs2s(L, ci->func + i, func + i);
+      func = ci->func;  /* moved-down function */
+      for (; narg1 <= nfixparams; narg1++)
+        setnilvalue(s2v(func + narg1));  /* complete missing arguments */
+      ci->top = func + 1 + fsize;  /* top for new function */
+      lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+      ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
+      ci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL;
+      L->top = func + narg1;  /* set top */
+      return -1;
+    }
+    default: {  /* not a function */
+      func = luaD_tryfuncTM(L, func);  /* try to get '__call' metamethod */
+      /* return luaD_pretailcall(L, ci, func, narg1 + 1, delta); */
+      narg1++;
+      goto retry;  /* try again */
+    }
+  }
 }


@ -506,35 +563,14 @@ void luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func, int narg1) {
 ** original function position.
 */
 CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
-  lua_CFunction f;
 retry:
  switch (ttypetag(s2v(func))) {
    case LUA_VCCL:  /* C closure */
-      f = clCvalue(s2v(func))->f;
-      goto Cfunc;
-    case LUA_VLCF:  /* light C function */
-      f = fvalue(s2v(func));
-     Cfunc: {
-      int n;  /* number of returns */
-      CallInfo *ci;
-      checkstackGCp(L, LUA_MINSTACK, func);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
-      L->ci = ci = next_ci(L);
-      ci->nresults = nresults;
-      ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
-      ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
-      ci->func = func;
-      lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
-      if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)) {
-        int narg = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1;
-        luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1, 1, narg);
-      }
-      lua_unlock(L);
-      n = (*f)(L);  /* do the actual call */
-      lua_lock(L);
-      api_checknelems(L, n);
-      luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);
+      precallC(L, func, nresults, clCvalue(s2v(func))->f);
+      return NULL;
+    case LUA_VLCF:  /* light C function */
+      precallC(L, func, nresults, fvalue(s2v(func)));
      return NULL;
-    }
    case LUA_VLCL: {  /* Lua function */
      CallInfo *ci;
      Proto *p = clLvalue(s2v(func))->p;
@ -542,20 +578,16 @@ CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
      int nfixparams = p->numparams;
      int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
      checkstackGCp(L, fsize, func);
-      L->ci = ci = next_ci(L);
-      ci->nresults = nresults;
+      L->ci = ci = prepCallInfo(L, func, nresults, 0, func + 1 + fsize);
      ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
-      ci->top = func + 1 + fsize;
-      ci->func = func;
-      L->ci = ci;
      for (; narg < nfixparams; narg++)
        setnilvalue(s2v(L->top++));  /* complete missing arguments */
      lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
      return ci;
    }
    default: {  /* not a function */
-      checkstackGCp(L, 1, func);  /* space for metamethod */
-      luaD_tryfuncTM(L, func);  /* try to get '__call' metamethod */
+      func = luaD_tryfuncTM(L, func);  /* try to get '__call' metamethod */
+      /* return luaD_precall(L, func, nresults); */
      goto retry;  /* try again with metamethod */
    }
  }
@ -567,7 +599,7 @@ CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
 ** number of recursive invocations in the C stack) or nyci (the same
 ** plus increment number of non-yieldable calls).
 */
-static void ccall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults, int inc) {
+l_sinline void ccall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults, int inc) {
  CallInfo *ci;
  L->nCcalls += inc;
  if (l_unlikely(getCcalls(L) >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS))
@ -728,11 +760,10 @@ static void resume (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
  StkId firstArg = L->top - n;  /* first argument */
  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
  if (L->status == LUA_OK)  /* starting a coroutine? */
-    ccall(L, firstArg - 1, LUA_MULTRET, 1);  /* just call its body */
+    ccall(L, firstArg - 1, LUA_MULTRET, 0);  /* just call its body */
  else {  /* resuming from previous yield */
    lua_assert(L->status == LUA_YIELD);
    L->status = LUA_OK;  /* mark that it is running (again) */
-    luaE_incCstack(L);  /* control the C stack */
    if (isLua(ci)) {  /* yielded inside a hook? */
      L->top = firstArg;  /* discard arguments */
      luaV_execute(L, ci);  /* just continue running Lua code */
@ -783,6 +814,9 @@ LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs,
  else if (L->status != LUA_YIELD)  /* ended with errors? */
    return resume_error(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine", nargs);
  L->nCcalls = (from) ? getCcalls(from) : 0;
+  if (getCcalls(L) >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+    return resume_error(L, "C stack overflow", nargs);
+  L->nCcalls++;
  luai_userstateresume(L, nargs);
  api_checknelems(L, (L->status == LUA_OK) ? nargs + 1 : nargs);
  status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, resume, &nargs);
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ldo.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ldo.h
@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
                                        int fTransfer, int nTransfer);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hookcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func,                                                    int narg1, int delta);
 LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_callnoyield (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaD_tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func);
+LUAI_FUNC StkId luaD_tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level, int status);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
                                        ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef);
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ldump.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ldump.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lfunc.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lfunc.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lfunc.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lfunc.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lgc.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lgc.c
@ -906,18 +906,18 @@ static void GCTM (lua_State *L) {
  if (!notm(tm)) {  /* is there a finalizer? */
    int status;
    lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook;
-    int running  = g->gcrunning;
+    int oldgcstp  = g->gcstp;
+    g->gcstp |= GCSTPGC;  /* avoid GC steps */
    L->allowhook = 0;  /* stop debug hooks during GC metamethod */
-    g->gcrunning = 0;  /* avoid GC steps */
    setobj2s(L, L->top++, tm);  /* push finalizer... */
    setobj2s(L, L->top++, &v);  /* ... and its argument */
    L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_FIN;  /* will run a finalizer */
    status = luaD_pcall(L, dothecall, NULL, savestack(L, L->top - 2), 0);
    L->ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_FIN;  /* not running a finalizer anymore */
    L->allowhook = oldah;  /* restore hooks */
-    g->gcrunning = running;  /* restore state */
+    g->gcstp = oldgcstp;  /* restore state */
    if (l_unlikely(status != LUA_OK)) {  /* error while running __gc? */
-      luaE_warnerror(L, "__gc metamethod");
+      luaE_warnerror(L, "__gc");
      L->top--;  /* pops error object */
    }
  }
@ -1011,7 +1011,8 @@ static void correctpointers (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
 void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt) {
  global_State *g = G(L);
  if (tofinalize(o) ||                 /* obj. is already marked... */
-      gfasttm(g, mt, TM_GC) == NULL)   /* or has no finalizer? */
+      gfasttm(g, mt, TM_GC) == NULL ||    /* or has no finalizer... */
+      (g->gcstp & GCSTPCLS))                   /* or closing state? */
    return;  /* nothing to be done */
  else {  /* move 'o' to 'finobj' list */
    GCObject **p;
@ -1502,12 +1503,13 @@ static void deletelist (lua_State *L, GCObject *p, GCObject *limit) {
 */
 void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L) {
  global_State *g = G(L);
+  g->gcstp = GCSTPCLS;  /* no extra finalizers after here */
  luaC_changemode(L, KGC_INC);
  separatetobefnz(g, 1);  /* separate all objects with finalizers */
  lua_assert(g->finobj == NULL);
  callallpendingfinalizers(L);
  deletelist(L, g->allgc, obj2gco(g->mainthread));
-  deletelist(L, g->finobj, NULL);
+  lua_assert(g->finobj == NULL);  /* no new finalizers */
  deletelist(L, g->fixedgc, NULL);  /* collect fixed objects */
  lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0);
 }
@ -1647,6 +1649,7 @@ void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask) {
 }


+
 /*
 ** Performs a basic incremental step. The debt and step size are
 ** converted from bytes to "units of work"; then the function loops
@ -1678,7 +1681,7 @@ static void incstep (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
 void luaC_step (lua_State *L) {
  global_State *g = G(L);
  lua_assert(!g->gcemergency);
-  if (g->gcrunning) {  /* running? */
+  if (gcrunning(g)) {  /* running? */
    if(isdecGCmodegen(g))
      genstep(L, g);
    else
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lgc.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lgc.h
@ -148,6 +148,16 @@
 */
 #define isdecGCmodegen(g)	(g->gckind == KGC_GEN || g->lastatomic != 0)

+
+/*
+** Control when GC is running:
+*/
+#define GCSTPUSR	1  /* bit true when GC stopped by user */
+#define GCSTPGC		2  /* bit true when GC stopped by itself */
+#define GCSTPCLS	4  /* bit true when closing Lua state */
+#define gcrunning(g)	((g)->gcstp == 0)
+
+
 /*
 ** Does one step of collection when debt becomes positive. 'pre'/'pos'
 ** allows some adjustments to be done only when needed. macro
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/linit.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/linit.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/liolib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/liolib.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ljumptab.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ljumptab.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/llex.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/llex.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/llex.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/llex.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/llimits.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/llimits.h
@ -165,6 +165,20 @@ typedef LUAI_UACINT l_uacInt;
 #endif


+/*
+** Inline functions
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define l_inline	inline
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#define l_inline	__inline__
+#else
+#define l_inline	/* empty */
+#endif
+
+#define l_sinline	static l_inline
+
+
 /*
 ** type for virtual-machine instructions;
 ** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h)
@ -347,7 +361,7 @@ typedef l_uint32 Instruction;
 #define condchangemem(L,pre,pos)	((void)0)
 #else
 #define condchangemem(L,pre,pos)  \
-	{ if (G(L)->gcrunning) { pre; luaC_fullgc(L, 0); pos; } }
+	{ if (gcrunning(G(L))) { pre; luaC_fullgc(L, 0); pos; } }
 #endif

 #endif
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lmathlib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lmathlib.c
@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {

 /* 2^(-FIGS) = 1.0 / 2^30 / 2^3 / 2^(FIGS-33) */
 #define scaleFIG  \
-	((lua_Number)1.0 / (UONE << 30) / 8.0 / (UONE << (FIGS - 33)))
+    (l_mathop(1.0) / (UONE << 30) / l_mathop(8.0) / (UONE << (FIGS - 33)))

 /*
 ** use FIGS - 32 bits from lower half, throwing out the other
@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
 /*
 ** higher 32 bits go after those (FIGS - 32) bits: shiftHI = 2^(FIGS - 32)
 */
-#define shiftHI		((lua_Number)(UONE << (FIGS - 33)) * 2.0)
+#define shiftHI		((lua_Number)(UONE << (FIGS - 33)) * l_mathop(2.0))


 static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lmem.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lmem.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lmem.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lmem.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/loadlib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/loadlib.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lobject.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lobject.c
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ static int isneg (const char **s) {
 */
 static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
  int dot = lua_getlocaledecpoint();
-  lua_Number r = 0.0;  /* result (accumulator) */
+  lua_Number r = l_mathop(0.0);  /* result (accumulator) */
  int sigdig = 0;  /* number of significant digits */
  int nosigdig = 0;  /* number of non-significant digits */
  int e = 0;  /* exponent correction */
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip initial spaces */
  neg = isneg(&s);  /* check sign */
  if (!(*s == '0' && (*(s + 1) == 'x' || *(s + 1) == 'X')))  /* check '0x' */
-    return 0.0;  /* invalid format (no '0x') */
+    return l_mathop(0.0);  /* invalid format (no '0x') */
  for (s += 2; ; s++) {  /* skip '0x' and read numeral */
    if (*s == dot) {
      if (hasdot) break;  /* second dot? stop loop */
@ -184,14 +184,14 @@ static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
      if (sigdig == 0 && *s == '0')  /* non-significant digit (zero)? */
        nosigdig++;
      else if (++sigdig <= MAXSIGDIG)  /* can read it without overflow? */
-          r = (r * cast_num(16.0)) + luaO_hexavalue(*s);
+          r = (r * l_mathop(16.0)) + luaO_hexavalue(*s);
      else e++; /* too many digits; ignore, but still count for exponent */
      if (hasdot) e--;  /* decimal digit? correct exponent */
    }
    else break;  /* neither a dot nor a digit */
  }
  if (nosigdig + sigdig == 0)  /* no digits? */
-    return 0.0;  /* invalid format */
+    return l_mathop(0.0);  /* invalid format */
  *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* valid up to here */
  e *= 4;  /* each digit multiplies/divides value by 2^4 */
  if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') {  /* exponent part? */
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
    s++;  /* skip 'p' */
    neg1 = isneg(&s);  /* sign */
    if (!lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))
-      return 0.0;  /* invalid; must have at least one digit */
+      return l_mathop(0.0);  /* invalid; must have at least one digit */
    while (lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))  /* read exponent */
      exp1 = exp1 * 10 + *(s++) - '0';
    if (neg1) exp1 = -exp1;
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lobject.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lobject.h
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ typedef struct TValue {


 #define val_(o)		((o)->value_)
-#define valraw(o)	(&val_(o))
+#define valraw(o)	(val_(o))


 /* raw type tag of a TValue */
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ typedef struct TValue {
 #define settt_(o,t)	((o)->tt_=(t))


-/* main macro to copy values (from 'obj1' to 'obj2') */
+/* main macro to copy values (from 'obj2' to 'obj1') */
 #define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \
 	{ TValue *io1=(obj1); const TValue *io2=(obj2); \
          io1->value_ = io2->value_; settt_(io1, io2->tt_); \
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lopcodes.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lopcodes.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lopcodes.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lopcodes.h
@ -190,7 +190,8 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */


 /*
-** grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums
+** Grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums. Opcodes marked with a (*)
+** has extra descriptions in the notes after the enumeration.
 */

 typedef enum {
@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ OP_LOADF,/*	A sBx	R[A] := (lua_Number)sBx				*/
 OP_LOADK,/*	A Bx	R[A] := K[Bx]					*/
 OP_LOADKX,/*	A	R[A] := K[extra arg]				*/
 OP_LOADFALSE,/*	A	R[A] := false					*/
-OP_LFALSESKIP,/*A	R[A] := false; pc++				*/
+OP_LFALSESKIP,/*A	R[A] := false; pc++	(*)			*/
 OP_LOADTRUE,/*	A	R[A] := true					*/
 OP_LOADNIL,/*	A B	R[A], R[A+1], ..., R[A+B] := nil		*/
 OP_GETUPVAL,/*	A B	R[A] := UpValue[B]				*/
@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ OP_BXOR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ~ R[C]				*/
 OP_SHL,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] << R[C]				*/
 OP_SHR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] >> R[C]				*/

-OP_MMBIN,/*	A B C	call C metamethod over R[A] and R[B]		*/
+OP_MMBIN,/*	A B C	call C metamethod over R[A] and R[B]	(*)	*/
 OP_MMBINI,/*	A sB C k	call C metamethod over R[A] and sB	*/
 OP_MMBINK,/*	A B C k		call C metamethod over R[A] and K[B]	*/

@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ OP_GTI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] > sB) ~= k) then pc++			*/
 OP_GEI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] >= sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/

 OP_TEST,/*	A k	if (not R[A] == k) then pc++			*/
-OP_TESTSET,/*	A B k	if (not R[B] == k) then pc++ else R[A] := R[B]	*/
+OP_TESTSET,/*	A B k	if (not R[B] == k) then pc++ else R[A] := R[B] (*) */

 OP_CALL,/*	A B C	R[A], ... ,R[A+C-2] := R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1]) */
 OP_TAILCALL,/*	A B C k	return R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1])		*/
@ -315,6 +316,18 @@ OP_EXTRAARG/*	Ax	extra (larger) argument for previous opcode	*/

 /*===========================================================================
  Notes:
+
+  (*) Opcode OP_LFALSESKIP is used to convert a condition to a boolean
+  value, in a code equivalent to (not cond ? false : true).  (It
+  produces false and skips the next instruction producing true.)
+
+  (*) Opcodes OP_MMBIN and variants follow each arithmetic and
+  bitwise opcode. If the operation succeeds, it skips this next
+  opcode. Otherwise, this opcode calls the corresponding metamethod.
+
+  (*) Opcode OP_TESTSET is used in short-circuit expressions that need
+  both to jump and to produce a value, such as (a = b or c).
+
  (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top - A. If (C == 0), then
  'top' is set to last_result+1, so next open instruction (OP_CALL,
  OP_RETURN*, OP_SETLIST) may use 'top'.
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lopnames.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lopnames.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/loslib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/loslib.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lparser.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lparser.c
@ -416,6 +416,17 @@ static void markupval (FuncState *fs, int level) {
 }


+/*
+** Mark that current block has a to-be-closed variable.
+*/
+static void marktobeclosed (FuncState *fs) {
+  BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+  bl->upval = 1;
+  bl->insidetbc = 1;
+  fs->needclose = 1;
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Find a variable with the given name 'n'. If it is an upvalue, add
 ** this upvalue into all intermediate functions. If it is a global, set
@ -1599,7 +1610,7 @@ static void forlist (LexState *ls, TString *indexname) {
  line = ls->linenumber;
  adjust_assign(ls, 4, explist(ls, &e), &e);
  adjustlocalvars(ls, 4);  /* control variables */
-  markupval(fs, fs->nactvar);  /* last control var. must be closed */
+  marktobeclosed(fs);  /* last control var. must be closed */
  luaK_checkstack(fs, 3);  /* extra space to call generator */
  forbody(ls, base, line, nvars - 4, 1);
 }
@ -1703,11 +1714,9 @@ static int getlocalattribute (LexState *ls) {
 }


-static void checktoclose (LexState *ls, int level) {
+static void checktoclose (FuncState *fs, int level) {
  if (level != -1) {  /* is there a to-be-closed variable? */
-    FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
-    markupval(fs, level + 1);
-    fs->bl->insidetbc = 1;  /* in the scope of a to-be-closed variable */
+    marktobeclosed(fs);
    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TBC, reglevel(fs, level), 0, 0);
  }
 }
@ -1751,7 +1760,7 @@ static void localstat (LexState *ls) {
    adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
    adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
  }
-  checktoclose(ls, toclose);
+  checktoclose(fs, toclose);
 }


@ -1776,6 +1785,7 @@ static void funcstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip FUNCTION */
  ismethod = funcname(ls, &v);
  body(ls, &b, ismethod, line);
+  check_readonly(ls, &v);
  luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &v, &b);
  luaK_fixline(ls->fs, line);  /* definition "happens" in the first line */
 }
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lparser.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lparser.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lprefix.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lprefix.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lstate.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lstate.c
@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ void luaE_checkcstack (lua_State *L) {
  if (getCcalls(L) == LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
    luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow");
  else if (getCcalls(L) >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS / 10 * 11))
-    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);  /* error while handing stack error */
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);  /* error while handling stack error */
 }


@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ static void f_luaopen (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
  luaS_init(L);
  luaT_init(L);
  luaX_init(L);
-  g->gcrunning = 1;  /* allow gc */
+  g->gcstp = 0;  /* allow gc */
  setnilvalue(&g->nilvalue);  /* now state is complete */
  luai_userstateopen(L);
 }
@ -269,8 +269,9 @@ static void preinit_thread (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
 static void close_state (lua_State *L) {
  global_State *g = G(L);
  if (!completestate(g))  /* closing a partially built state? */
-    luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* jucst collect its objects */
+    luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* just collect its objects */
  else {  /* closing a fully built state */
+    L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* unwind CallInfo list */
    luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, LUA_OK);  /* close all upvalues */
    luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* collect all objects */
    luai_userstateclose(L);
@ -330,13 +331,13 @@ int luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, int status) {
  ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
  if (status == LUA_YIELD)
    status = LUA_OK;
+  L->status = LUA_OK;  /* so it can run __close metamethods */
  status = luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, status);
  if (status != LUA_OK)  /* errors? */
    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->stack + 1);
  else
    L->top = L->stack + 1;
  ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
-  L->status = cast_byte(status);
  luaD_reallocstack(L, cast_int(ci->top - L->stack), 0);
  return status;
 }
@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
  g->ud_warn = NULL;
  g->mainthread = L;
  g->seed = luai_makeseed(L);
-  g->gcrunning = 0;  /* no GC while building state */
+  g->gcstp = GCSTPGC;  /* no GC while building state */
  g->strt.size = g->strt.nuse = 0;
  g->strt.hash = NULL;
  setnilvalue(&g->l_registry);
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lstate.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lstate.h
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ typedef struct stringtable {
 ** - field 'nyield' is used only while a function is "doing" an
 ** yield (from the yield until the next resume);
 ** - field 'nres' is used only while closing tbc variables when
-** returning from a C function;
+** returning from a function;
 ** - field 'transferinfo' is used only during call/returnhooks,
 ** before the function starts or after it ends.
 */
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ typedef struct CallInfo {
 #define CIST_YPCALL	(1<<4)	/* doing a yieldable protected call */
 #define CIST_TAIL	(1<<5)	/* call was tail called */
 #define CIST_HOOKYIELD	(1<<6)	/* last hook called yielded */
-#define CIST_FIN	(1<<7)	/* call is running a finalizer */
+#define CIST_FIN	(1<<7)	/* function "called" a finalizer */
 #define CIST_TRAN	(1<<8)	/* 'ci' has transfer information */
 #define CIST_CLSRET	(1<<9)  /* function is closing tbc variables */
 /* Bits 10-12 are used for CIST_RECST (see below) */
@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ typedef struct global_State {
  lu_byte gcstopem;  /* stops emergency collections */
  lu_byte genminormul;  /* control for minor generational collections */
  lu_byte genmajormul;  /* control for major generational collections */
-  lu_byte gcrunning;  /* true if GC is running */
+  lu_byte gcstp;  /* control whether GC is running */
  lu_byte gcemergency;  /* true if this is an emergency collection */
  lu_byte gcpause;  /* size of pause between successive GCs */
  lu_byte gcstepmul;  /* GC "speed" */
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lstring.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lstring.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lstring.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lstring.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lstrlib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lstrlib.c
@ -1090,13 +1090,31 @@ static int lua_number2strx (lua_State *L, char *buff, int sz,


 /* valid flags in a format specification */
-#if !defined(L_FMTFLAGS)
-#define L_FMTFLAGS	"-+ #0"
+#if !defined(L_FMTFLAGSF)
+
+/* valid flags for a, A, e, E, f, F, g, and G conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSF	"-+#0 "
+
+/* valid flags for o, x, and X conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSX	"-#0"
+
+/* valid flags for d and i conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSI	"-+0 "
+
+/* valid flags for u conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSU	"-0"
+
+/* valid flags for c, p, and s conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSC	"-"
+
 #endif


 /*
-** maximum size of each format specification (such as "%-099.99d")
+** Maximum size of each format specification (such as "%-099.99d"):
+** Initial '%', flags (up to 5), width (2), period, precision (2),
+** length modifier (8), conversion specifier, and final '\0', plus some
+** extra.
 */
 #define MAX_FORMAT	32

@ -1189,25 +1207,53 @@ static void addliteral (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) {
 }


-static const char *scanformat (lua_State *L, const char *strfrmt, char *form) {
-  const char *p = strfrmt;
-  while (*p != '\0' && strchr(L_FMTFLAGS, *p) != NULL) p++;  /* skip flags */
-  if ((size_t)(p - strfrmt) >= sizeof(L_FMTFLAGS)/sizeof(char))
-    luaL_error(L, "invalid format (repeated flags)");
-  if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++;  /* skip width */
-  if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++;  /* (2 digits at most) */
-  if (*p == '.') {
-    p++;
-    if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++;  /* skip precision */
-    if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++;  /* (2 digits at most) */
+static const char *get2digits (const char *s) {
+  if (isdigit(uchar(*s))) {
+    s++;
+    if (isdigit(uchar(*s))) s++;  /* (2 digits at most) */
  }
-  if (isdigit(uchar(*p)))
-    luaL_error(L, "invalid format (width or precision too long)");
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether a conversion specification is valid. When called,
+** first character in 'form' must be '%' and last character must
+** be a valid conversion specifier. 'flags' are the accepted flags;
+** 'precision' signals whether to accept a precision.
+*/
+static void checkformat (lua_State *L, const char *form, const char *flags,
+                                       int precision) {
+  const char *spec = form + 1;  /* skip '%' */
+  spec += strspn(spec, flags);  /* skip flags */
+  if (*spec != '0') {  /* a width cannot start with '0' */
+    spec = get2digits(spec);  /* skip width */
+    if (*spec == '.' && precision) {
+      spec++;
+      spec = get2digits(spec);  /* skip precision */
+    }
+  }
+  if (!isalpha(uchar(*spec)))  /* did not go to the end? */
+    luaL_error(L, "invalid conversion specification: '%s'", form);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get a conversion specification and copy it to 'form'.
+** Return the address of its last character.
+*/
+static const char *getformat (lua_State *L, const char *strfrmt,
+                                            char *form) {
+  /* spans flags, width, and precision ('0' is included as a flag) */
+  size_t len = strspn(strfrmt, L_FMTFLAGSF "123456789.");
+  len++;  /* adds following character (should be the specifier) */
+  /* still needs space for '%', '\0', plus a length modifier */
+  if (len >= MAX_FORMAT - 10)
+    luaL_error(L, "invalid format (too long)");
  *(form++) = '%';
-  memcpy(form, strfrmt, ((p - strfrmt) + 1) * sizeof(char));
-  form += (p - strfrmt) + 1;
-  *form = '\0';
-  return p;
+  memcpy(form, strfrmt, len * sizeof(char));
+  *(form + len) = '\0';
+  return strfrmt + len - 1;
 }


@ -1230,6 +1276,7 @@ static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
  size_t sfl;
  const char *strfrmt = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &sfl);
  const char *strfrmt_end = strfrmt+sfl;
+  const char *flags;
  luaL_Buffer b;
  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
  while (strfrmt < strfrmt_end) {
@ -1239,25 +1286,35 @@ static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
      luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);  /* %% */
    else { /* format item */
      char form[MAX_FORMAT];  /* to store the format ('%...') */
-      int maxitem = MAX_ITEM;
-      char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, maxitem);  /* to put formatted item */
-      int nb = 0;  /* number of bytes in added item */
+      int maxitem = MAX_ITEM;  /* maximum length for the result */
+      char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, maxitem);  /* to put result */
+      int nb = 0;  /* number of bytes in result */
      if (++arg > top)
        return luaL_argerror(L, arg, "no value");
-      strfrmt = scanformat(L, strfrmt, form);
+      strfrmt = getformat(L, strfrmt, form);
      switch (*strfrmt++) {
        case 'c': {
+          checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSC, 0);
          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg));
          break;
        }
        case 'd': case 'i':
-        case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
+          flags = L_FMTFLAGSI;
+          goto intcase;
+        case 'u':
+          flags = L_FMTFLAGSU;
+          goto intcase;
+        case 'o': case 'x': case 'X':
+          flags = L_FMTFLAGSX;
+         intcase: {
          lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+          checkformat(L, form, flags, 1);
          addlenmod(form, LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN);
          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, (LUAI_UACINT)n);
          break;
        }
        case 'a': case 'A':
+          checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSF, 1);
          addlenmod(form, LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN);
          nb = lua_number2strx(L, buff, maxitem, form,
                                  luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
@ -1268,12 +1325,14 @@ static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
          /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G': {
          lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, arg);
+          checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSF, 1);
          addlenmod(form, LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN);
          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)n);
          break;
        }
        case 'p': {
          const void *p = lua_topointer(L, arg);
+          checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSC, 0);
          if (p == NULL) {  /* avoid calling 'printf' with argument NULL */
            p = "(null)";  /* result */
            form[strlen(form) - 1] = 's';  /* format it as a string */
@ -1294,7 +1353,8 @@ static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
            luaL_addvalue(&b);  /* keep entire string */
          else {
            luaL_argcheck(L, l == strlen(s), arg, "string contains zeros");
-            if (!strchr(form, '.') && l >= 100) {
+            checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSC, 1);
+            if (strchr(form, '.') == NULL && l >= 100) {
              /* no precision and string is too long to be formatted */
              luaL_addvalue(&b);  /* keep entire string */
            }
@ -1352,15 +1412,6 @@ static const union {
 } nativeendian = {1};


-/* dummy structure to get native alignment requirements */
-struct cD {
-  char c;
-  union { double d; void *p; lua_Integer i; lua_Number n; } u;
-};
-
-#define MAXALIGN	(offsetof(struct cD, u))
-
-
 /*
 ** information to pack/unpack stuff
 */
@ -1435,6 +1486,8 @@ static void initheader (lua_State *L, Header *h) {
 ** Read and classify next option. 'size' is filled with option's size.
 */
 static KOption getoption (Header *h, const char **fmt, int *size) {
+  /* dummy structure to get native alignment requirements */
+  struct cD { char c; union { LUAI_MAXALIGN; } u; };
  int opt = *((*fmt)++);
  *size = 0;  /* default */
  switch (opt) {
@ -1465,7 +1518,11 @@ static KOption getoption (Header *h, const char **fmt, int *size) {
    case '<': h->islittle = 1; break;
    case '>': h->islittle = 0; break;
    case '=': h->islittle = nativeendian.little; break;
-    case '!': h->maxalign = getnumlimit(h, fmt, MAXALIGN); break;
+    case '!': {
+      const int maxalign = offsetof(struct cD, u);
+      h->maxalign = getnumlimit(h, fmt, maxalign);
+      break;
+    }
    default: luaL_error(h->L, "invalid format option '%c'", opt);
  }
  return Knop;
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ltable.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ltable.c
@ -84,8 +84,6 @@
 #define hashstr(t,str)		hashpow2(t, (str)->hash)
 #define hashboolean(t,p)	hashpow2(t, p)

-#define hashint(t,i)		hashpow2(t, i)
-

 #define hashpointer(t,p)	hashmod(t, point2uint(p))

@ -101,6 +99,20 @@ static const Node dummynode_ = {
 static const TValue absentkey = {ABSTKEYCONSTANT};


+/*
+** Hash for integers. To allow a good hash, use the remainder operator
+** ('%'). If integer fits as a non-negative int, compute an int
+** remainder, which is faster. Otherwise, use an unsigned-integer
+** remainder, which uses all bits and ensures a non-negative result.
+*/
+static Node *hashint (const Table *t, lua_Integer i) {
+  lua_Unsigned ui = l_castS2U(i);
+  if (ui <= (unsigned int)INT_MAX)
+    return hashmod(t, cast_int(ui));
+  else
+    return hashmod(t, ui);
+}
+

 /*
 ** Hash for floating-point numbers.
@ -134,26 +146,24 @@ static int l_hashfloat (lua_Number n) {

 /*
 ** returns the 'main' position of an element in a table (that is,
-** the index of its hash value). The key comes broken (tag in 'ktt'
-** and value in 'vkl') so that we can call it on keys inserted into
-** nodes.
+** the index of its hash value).
 */
-static Node *mainposition (const Table *t, int ktt, const Value *kvl) {
-  switch (withvariant(ktt)) {
+static Node *mainpositionTV (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+  switch (ttypetag(key)) {
    case LUA_VNUMINT: {
-      lua_Integer key = ivalueraw(*kvl);
-      return hashint(t, key);
+      lua_Integer i = ivalue(key);
+      return hashint(t, i);
    }
    case LUA_VNUMFLT: {
-      lua_Number n = fltvalueraw(*kvl);
+      lua_Number n = fltvalue(key);
      return hashmod(t, l_hashfloat(n));
    }
    case LUA_VSHRSTR: {
-      TString *ts = tsvalueraw(*kvl);
+      TString *ts = tsvalue(key);
      return hashstr(t, ts);
    }
    case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
-      TString *ts = tsvalueraw(*kvl);
+      TString *ts = tsvalue(key);
      return hashpow2(t, luaS_hashlongstr(ts));
    }
    case LUA_VFALSE:
@ -161,26 +171,25 @@ static Node *mainposition (const Table *t, int ktt, const Value *kvl) {
    case LUA_VTRUE:
      return hashboolean(t, 1);
    case LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA: {
-      void *p = pvalueraw(*kvl);
+      void *p = pvalue(key);
      return hashpointer(t, p);
    }
    case LUA_VLCF: {
-      lua_CFunction f = fvalueraw(*kvl);
+      lua_CFunction f = fvalue(key);
      return hashpointer(t, f);
    }
    default: {
-      GCObject *o = gcvalueraw(*kvl);
+      GCObject *o = gcvalue(key);
      return hashpointer(t, o);
    }
  }
 }


-/*
-** Returns the main position of an element given as a 'TValue'
-*/
-static Node *mainpositionTV (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
-  return mainposition(t, rawtt(key), valraw(key));
+l_sinline Node *mainpositionfromnode (const Table *t, Node *nd) {
+  TValue key;
+  getnodekey(cast(lua_State *, NULL), &key, nd);
+  return mainpositionTV(t, &key);
 }


@ -679,7 +688,7 @@ void luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key, TValue *value) {
      return;
    }
    lua_assert(!isdummy(t));
-    othern = mainposition(t, keytt(mp), &keyval(mp));
+    othern = mainpositionfromnode(t, mp);
    if (othern != mp) {  /* is colliding node out of its main position? */
      /* yes; move colliding node into free position */
      while (othern + gnext(othern) != mp)  /* find previous */
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ltable.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ltable.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ltablib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ltablib.c
@ -59,8 +59,9 @@ static void checktab (lua_State *L, int arg, int what) {


 static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_Integer e = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW) + 1;  /* first empty element */
  lua_Integer pos;  /* where to insert new element */
+  lua_Integer e = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
+  e = luaL_intop(+, e, 1);  /* first empty element */
  switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
    case 2: {  /* called with only 2 arguments */
      pos = e;  /* insert new element at the end */
@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, lua_Integer i) {
  lua_geti(L, 1, i);
  if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
    luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %I in table for 'concat'",
-                  luaL_typename(L, -1), i);
+                  luaL_typename(L, -1), (LUAI_UACINT)i);
  luaL_addvalue(b);
 }

--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ltm.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ltm.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/ltm.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/ltm.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lua.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lua.c
@ -89,14 +89,15 @@ static void print_usage (const char *badoption) {
  lua_writestringerror(
  "usage: %s [options] [script [args]]\n"
  "Available options are:\n"
-  "  -e stat  execute string 'stat'\n"
-  "  -i       enter interactive mode after executing 'script'\n"
-  "  -l name  require library 'name' into global 'name'\n"
-  "  -v       show version information\n"
-  "  -E       ignore environment variables\n"
-  "  -W       turn warnings on\n"
-  "  --       stop handling options\n"
-  "  -        stop handling options and execute stdin\n"
+  "  -e stat   execute string 'stat'\n"
+  "  -i        enter interactive mode after executing 'script'\n"
+  "  -l mod    require library 'mod' into global 'mod'\n"
+  "  -l g=mod  require library 'mod' into global 'g'\n"
+  "  -v        show version information\n"
+  "  -E        ignore environment variables\n"
+  "  -W        turn warnings on\n"
+  "  --        stop handling options\n"
+  "  -         stop handling options and execute stdin\n"
  ,
  progname);
 }
@ -207,16 +208,22 @@ static int dostring (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *name) {


 /*
-** Calls 'require(name)' and stores the result in a global variable
-** with the given name.
+** Receives 'globname[=modname]' and runs 'globname = require(modname)'.
 */
-static int dolibrary (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+static int dolibrary (lua_State *L, char *globname) {
  int status;
+  char *modname = strchr(globname, '=');
+  if (modname == NULL)  /* no explicit name? */
+    modname = globname;  /* module name is equal to global name */
+  else {
+    *modname = '\0';  /* global name ends here */
+    modname++;  /* module name starts after the '=' */
+  }
  lua_getglobal(L, "require");
-  lua_pushstring(L, name);
-  status = docall(L, 1, 1);  /* call 'require(name)' */
+  lua_pushstring(L, modname);
+  status = docall(L, 1, 1);  /* call 'require(modname)' */
  if (status == LUA_OK)
-    lua_setglobal(L, name);  /* global[name] = require return */
+    lua_setglobal(L, globname);  /* globname = require(modname) */
  return report(L, status);
 }

@ -327,7 +334,7 @@ static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
    switch (option) {
      case 'e':  case 'l': {
        int status;
-        const char *extra = argv[i] + 2;  /* both options need an argument */
+        char *extra = argv[i] + 2;  /* both options need an argument */
        if (*extra == '\0') extra = argv[++i];
        lua_assert(extra != NULL);
        status = (option == 'e')
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/luac.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/luac.c
@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ static const Proto* combine(lua_State* L, int n)
   f->p[i]=toproto(L,i-n-1);
   if (f->p[i]->sizeupvalues>0) f->p[i]->upvalues[0].instack=0;
  }
+  luaM_freearray(L,f->lineinfo,f->sizelineinfo);
  f->sizelineinfo=0;
  return f;
 }
@ -600,11 +601,11 @@ static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
 	if (c==0) printf("all out"); else printf("%d out",c-1);
 	break;
   case OP_TAILCALL:
-	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
 	printf(COMMENT "%d in",b-1);
 	break;
   case OP_RETURN:
-	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
 	printf(COMMENT);
 	if (b==0) printf("all out"); else printf("%d out",b-1);
 	break;
@ -619,7 +620,7 @@ static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
 	break;
   case OP_FORPREP:
 	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
-	printf(COMMENT "to %d",pc+bx+2);
+	printf(COMMENT "exit to %d",pc+bx+3);
 	break;
   case OP_TFORPREP:
 	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lundump.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lundump.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lundump.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lundump.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lutf8lib.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lutf8lib.c
@ -224,14 +224,11 @@ static int byteoffset (lua_State *L) {
 static int iter_aux (lua_State *L, int strict) {
  size_t len;
  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
-  lua_Integer n = lua_tointeger(L, 2) - 1;
-  if (n < 0)  /* first iteration? */
-    n = 0;  /* start from here */
-  else if (n < (lua_Integer)len) {
-    n++;  /* skip current byte */
-    while (iscont(s + n)) n++;  /* and its continuations */
+  lua_Unsigned n = (lua_Unsigned)lua_tointeger(L, 2);
+  if (n < len) {
+    while (iscont(s + n)) n++;  /* skip continuation bytes */
  }
-  if (n >= (lua_Integer)len)
+  if (n >= len)  /* (also handles original 'n' being negative) */
    return 0;  /* no more codepoints */
  else {
    utfint code;
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lvm.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lvm.c
@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ static int l_strcmp (const TString *ls, const TString *rs) {
 ** from float to int.)
 ** When 'f' is NaN, comparisons must result in false.
 */
-static int LTintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
+l_sinline int LTintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
  if (l_intfitsf(i))
    return luai_numlt(cast_num(i), f);  /* compare them as floats */
  else {  /* i < f <=> i < ceil(f) */
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ static int LTintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
 ** Check whether integer 'i' is less than or equal to float 'f'.
 ** See comments on previous function.
 */
-static int LEintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
+l_sinline int LEintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
  if (l_intfitsf(i))
    return luai_numle(cast_num(i), f);  /* compare them as floats */
  else {  /* i <= f <=> i <= floor(f) */
@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ static int LEintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
 ** Check whether float 'f' is less than integer 'i'.
 ** See comments on previous function.
 */
-static int LTfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
+l_sinline int LTfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
  if (l_intfitsf(i))
    return luai_numlt(f, cast_num(i));  /* compare them as floats */
  else {  /* f < i <=> floor(f) < i */
@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ static int LTfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
 ** Check whether float 'f' is less than or equal to integer 'i'.
 ** See comments on previous function.
 */
-static int LEfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
+l_sinline int LEfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
  if (l_intfitsf(i))
    return luai_numle(f, cast_num(i));  /* compare them as floats */
  else {  /* f <= i <=> ceil(f) <= i */
@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ static int LEfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
 /*
 ** Return 'l < r', for numbers.
 */
-static int LTnum (const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+l_sinline int LTnum (const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
  lua_assert(ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r));
  if (ttisinteger(l)) {
    lua_Integer li = ivalue(l);
@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ static int LTnum (const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
 /*
 ** Return 'l <= r', for numbers.
 */
-static int LEnum (const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+l_sinline int LEnum (const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
  lua_assert(ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r));
  if (ttisinteger(l)) {
    lua_Integer li = ivalue(l);
@ -766,7 +766,8 @@ lua_Number luaV_modf (lua_State *L, lua_Number m, lua_Number n) {
 /*
 ** Shift left operation. (Shift right just negates 'y'.)
 */
-#define luaV_shiftr(x,y)	luaV_shiftl(x,-(y))
+#define luaV_shiftr(x,y)	luaV_shiftl(x,intop(-, 0, y))
+

 lua_Integer luaV_shiftl (lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y) {
  if (y < 0) {  /* shift right? */
@ -847,10 +848,19 @@ void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L) {
      luaV_concat(L, total);  /* concat them (may yield again) */
      break;
    }
-    case OP_CLOSE:  case OP_RETURN: {  /* yielded closing variables */
+    case OP_CLOSE: {  /* yielded closing variables */
      ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* repeat instruction to close other vars. */
      break;
    }
+    case OP_RETURN: {  /* yielded closing variables */
+      StkId ra = base + GETARG_A(inst);
+      /* adjust top to signal correct number of returns, in case the
+         return is "up to top" ('isIT') */
+      L->top = ra + ci->u2.nres;
+      /* repeat instruction to close other vars. and complete the return */
+      ci->u.l.savedpc--;
+      break;
+    }
    default: {
      /* only these other opcodes can yield */
      lua_assert(op == OP_TFORCALL || op == OP_CALL ||
@ -1099,7 +1109,7 @@ void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L) {
 #define ProtectNT(exp)  (savepc(L), (exp), updatetrap(ci))

 /*
-** Protect code that can only raise errors. (That is, it cannnot change
+** Protect code that can only raise errors. (That is, it cannot change
 ** the stack or hooks.)
 */
 #define halfProtect(exp)  (savestate(L,ci), (exp))
@ -1156,8 +1166,10 @@ void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
    Instruction i;  /* instruction being executed */
    StkId ra;  /* instruction's A register */
    vmfetch();
-// low-level line tracing for debugging Lua
-// printf("line: %d\n", luaG_getfuncline(cl->p, pcRel(pc, cl->p)));
+    #if 0
+      /* low-level line tracing for debugging Lua */
+      printf("line: %d\n", luaG_getfuncline(cl->p, pcRel(pc, cl->p)));
+    #endif
    lua_assert(base == ci->func + 1);
    lua_assert(base <= L->top && L->top < L->stack_last);
    /* invalidate top for instructions not expecting it */
@ -1625,13 +1637,13 @@ void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
          updatetrap(ci);  /* C call; nothing else to be done */
        else {  /* Lua call: run function in this same C frame */
          ci = newci;
-          ci->callstatus = 0;  /* call re-uses 'luaV_execute' */
          goto startfunc;
        }
        vmbreak;
      }
      vmcase(OP_TAILCALL) {
        int b = GETARG_B(i);  /* number of arguments + 1 (function) */
+        int n;  /* number of results when calling a C function */
        int nparams1 = GETARG_C(i);
        /* delta is virtual 'func' - real 'func' (vararg functions) */
        int delta = (nparams1) ? ci->u.l.nextraargs + nparams1 : 0;
@ -1645,23 +1657,14 @@ void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
          lua_assert(L->tbclist < base);  /* no pending tbc variables */
          lua_assert(base == ci->func + 1);
        }
-        while (!ttisfunction(s2v(ra))) {  /* not a function? */
-          luaD_tryfuncTM(L, ra);  /* try '__call' metamethod */
-          b++;  /* there is now one extra argument */
-          checkstackGCp(L, 1, ra);
-        }
-        if (!ttisLclosure(s2v(ra))) {  /* C function? */
-          luaD_precall(L, ra, LUA_MULTRET);  /* call it */
-          updatetrap(ci);
-          updatestack(ci);  /* stack may have been relocated */
+        if ((n = luaD_pretailcall(L, ci, ra, b, delta)) < 0)  /* Lua function? */
+          goto startfunc;  /* execute the callee */
+        else {  /* C function? */
          ci->func -= delta;  /* restore 'func' (if vararg) */
-          luaD_poscall(L, ci, cast_int(L->top - ra));  /* finish caller */
+          luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);  /* finish caller */
          updatetrap(ci);  /* 'luaD_poscall' can change hooks */
          goto ret;  /* caller returns after the tail call */
        }
-        ci->func -= delta;  /* restore 'func' (if vararg) */
-        luaD_pretailcall(L, ci, ra, b);  /* prepare call frame */
-        goto startfunc;  /* execute the callee */
      }
      vmcase(OP_RETURN) {
        int n = GETARG_B(i) - 1;  /* number of results */
@ -1670,6 +1673,7 @@ void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
          n = cast_int(L->top - ra);  /* get what is available */
        savepc(ci);
        if (TESTARG_k(i)) {  /* may there be open upvalues? */
+          ci->u2.nres = n;  /* save number of returns */
          if (L->top < ci->top)
            L->top = ci->top;
          luaF_close(L, base, CLOSEKTOP, 1);
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lvm.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lvm.h
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lzio.c
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lzio.c
--- a/lua-5.4.4/src/lzio.h
+++ b/lua-5.4.4/src/lzio.h
--- a/orig_sources/lua-5.4.3.tar.gz
+++ b/orig_sources/lua-5.4.3.tar.gz
--- a/orig_sources/lua-5.4.4.tar.gz
+++ b/orig_sources/lua-5.4.4.tar.gz