diff --git a/lldb/bindings/interface/SBModuleSpecListExtensions.i b/lldb/bindings/interface/SBModuleSpecListExtensions.i
index 073e9d06738f..2dab521bbd62 100644
--- a/lldb/bindings/interface/SBModuleSpecListExtensions.i
+++ b/lldb/bindings/interface/SBModuleSpecListExtensions.i
@@ -11,16 +11,28 @@ STRING_EXTENSION_OUTSIDE(SBModuleSpecList)
       '''Iterate over all ModuleSpecs in a lldb.SBModuleSpecList object.'''
       return lldb_iter(self, 'GetSize', 'GetSpecAtIndex')
 
-    def __getitem__(self, idx):
-      '''Get the ModuleSpec at a given index in an lldb.SBModuleSpecList object.'''
-      if not isinstance(idx, int):
-        raise TypeError("unsupported index type: %s" % type(idx))
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+      '''Access module specs by index or by file path.
+         specs[0]                      - access by integer index
+         specs[-1]                     - access by negative integer index
+         specs['a.out']                - find first spec matching file basename
+         specs['/usr/lib/liba.dylib']  - find first spec matching full or partial path
+      '''
       count = len(self)
-      if not (-count <= idx < count):
-        raise IndexError("list index out of range")
-      idx %= count
-      return self.GetSpecAtIndex(idx)
+      if type(key) is int:
+          if -count <= key < count:
+              key %= count
+              return self.GetSpecAtIndex(key)
+          else:
+              raise IndexError("list index out of range")
+      elif type(key) is str:
+          for idx in range(count):
+              spec = self.GetSpecAtIndex(idx)
+              if str(spec.GetFileSpec()).endswith(key):
+                  return spec
+          return None
+      else:
+          raise TypeError("unsupported index type: %s" % type(key))
     %}
 #endif
 }
-
diff --git a/lldb/test/API/python_api/sbmodule/TestSBModule.py b/lldb/test/API/python_api/sbmodule/TestSBModule.py
index 1e6cdefc8d8f..f6edef22aef5 100644
--- a/lldb/test/API/python_api/sbmodule/TestSBModule.py
+++ b/lldb/test/API/python_api/sbmodule/TestSBModule.py
@@ -110,3 +110,63 @@ class SBModuleAPICase(TestBase):
         self.assertSuccess(
             error, "couldn't destroy process %s" % background_process.pid
         )
+
+    @skipIfRemote
+    def test_module_spec_list_indexing(self):
+        """Test that SBModuleSpecList supports Pythonic indexing."""
+        self.build()
+        libfoo_path = self.getBuildArtifact("libfoo.a")
+        specs = lldb.SBModuleSpecList.GetModuleSpecifications(libfoo_path)
+        count = specs.GetSize()
+        self.assertGreater(count, 0, "Archive should have at least one module spec")
+
+        # Integer indexing: positive indices
+        for i in range(count):
+            self.assertEqual(
+                str(specs[i]),
+                str(specs.GetSpecAtIndex(i)),
+                "specs[%d] should match GetSpecAtIndex(%d)" % (i, i),
+            )
+
+        # Integer indexing: negative indices
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(specs[-1]),
+            str(specs.GetSpecAtIndex(count - 1)),
+            "specs[-1] should match last element",
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(specs[-count]),
+            str(specs.GetSpecAtIndex(0)),
+            "specs[-count] should match first element",
+        )
+
+        # Integer indexing: out of bounds raises IndexError
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: specs[count])
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: specs[-count - 1])
+
+        # Unsupported key type raises TypeError
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: specs[1.5])
+
+        # String indexing: lookup by file basename
+        spec0 = specs.GetSpecAtIndex(0)
+        basename = spec0.GetFileSpec().GetFilename()
+        if basename:
+            found = specs[basename]
+            self.assertIsNotNone(found, "Should find spec by basename '%s'" % basename)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                found.GetFileSpec().GetFilename(),
+                basename,
+                "Found spec basename should match",
+            )
+
+        # String indexing: lookup by partial path (endswith matching)
+        fullpath = str(spec0.GetFileSpec())
+        if fullpath:
+            found = specs[fullpath]
+            self.assertIsNotNone(found, "Should find spec by full path '%s'" % fullpath)
+
+        # String indexing: missing basename returns None
+        self.assertIsNone(
+            specs["nonexistent_file.xyz"],
+            "Lookup of nonexistent basename should return None",
+        )