Before this patch, we were dereferencing pointers to objects which were
never constructed. Now we always assume that nodes store `pair<const
KeyT, ValueT>` for maps instead, as they actually do. This patch also
allows for significant follow-up simplifications, since
`__node_value_type` and `__container_value_type` are the same type now.
Many headers include `<cstddef>` just for size_t, and pulling in
additional content (e.g. the traits used for std::byte) is unnecessary.
To solve this problem, this patch splits up `<cstddef>` into
subcomponents so that headers can include only the parts that they
actually require.
This has the added benefit of making the modules build a lot stricter
with respect to IWYU, and also providing a canonical location where we
define `std::size_t` and friends (which were previously defined in
multiple headers like `<cstddef>` and `<ctime>`).
After this patch, there's still many places in the codebase where we
include `<cstddef>` when `<__cstddef/size_t.h>` would be sufficient.
This patch focuses on removing `<cstddef>` includes from __type_traits
to make these headers non-circular with `<cstddef>`. Additional
refactorings can be tackled separately.
