Summary: This patch implements 'getenv'. I was torn on how to implement this, since realistically we only have access to this environment pointer in the "loader" interface. An alternative would be to use an RPC call every time, but I think that's overkill for what this will be used for. A better solution is just to emit a common `DataEnvironment` that contains all of the host visible resources to initialize. Right now this is the `env_ptr`, `clock_freq`, and `rpc_client`. I did this by making the `app.h` interface that Linux uses more general, could possibly move that into a separate patch, but I figured it's easier to see with the usage.
522 lines
19 KiB
C++
522 lines
19 KiB
C++
//===--- Implementation of a Linux thread class -----------------*- C++ -*-===//
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//
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// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
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// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
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//
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//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
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#include "src/__support/threads/thread.h"
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#include "config/app.h"
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#include "src/__support/CPP/atomic.h"
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#include "src/__support/CPP/string_view.h"
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#include "src/__support/CPP/stringstream.h"
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#include "src/__support/OSUtil/syscall.h" // For syscall functions.
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#include "src/__support/common.h"
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#include "src/__support/error_or.h"
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#include "src/__support/macros/config.h"
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#include "src/__support/threads/linux/futex_utils.h" // For FutexWordType
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#include "src/errno/libc_errno.h" // For error macros
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#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_AARCH64
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#include <arm_acle.h>
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#endif
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#include <fcntl.h>
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#include <linux/param.h> // For EXEC_PAGESIZE.
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#include <linux/prctl.h> // For PR_SET_NAME
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#include <linux/sched.h> // For CLONE_* flags.
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#include <stdint.h>
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#include <sys/mman.h> // For PROT_* and MAP_* definitions.
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#include <sys/syscall.h> // For syscall numbers.
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namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL {
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#ifdef SYS_mmap2
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static constexpr long MMAP_SYSCALL_NUMBER = SYS_mmap2;
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#elif defined(SYS_mmap)
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static constexpr long MMAP_SYSCALL_NUMBER = SYS_mmap;
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#else
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#error "mmap or mmap2 syscalls not available."
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#endif
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static constexpr size_t NAME_SIZE_MAX = 16; // Includes the null terminator
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static constexpr uint32_t CLEAR_TID_VALUE = 0xABCD1234;
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static constexpr unsigned CLONE_SYSCALL_FLAGS =
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CLONE_VM // Share the memory space with the parent.
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| CLONE_FS // Share the file system with the parent.
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| CLONE_FILES // Share the files with the parent.
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| CLONE_SIGHAND // Share the signal handlers with the parent.
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| CLONE_THREAD // Same thread group as the parent.
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| CLONE_SYSVSEM // Share a single list of System V semaphore adjustment
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// values
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| CLONE_PARENT_SETTID // Set child thread ID in |ptid| of the parent.
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| CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID // Let the kernel clear the tid address
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// wake the joining thread.
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| CLONE_SETTLS; // Setup the thread pointer of the new thread.
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#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_AARCH64
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#define CLONE_RESULT_REGISTER "x0"
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#elif defined(LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_ANY_RISCV)
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#define CLONE_RESULT_REGISTER "t0"
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#elif defined(LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86_64)
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#define CLONE_RESULT_REGISTER "rax"
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#else
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#error "CLONE_RESULT_REGISTER not defined for your target architecture"
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#endif
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static constexpr ErrorOr<size_t> add_no_overflow(size_t lhs, size_t rhs) {
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if (lhs > SIZE_MAX - rhs)
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return Error{EINVAL};
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if (rhs > SIZE_MAX - lhs)
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return Error{EINVAL};
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return lhs + rhs;
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}
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static constexpr ErrorOr<size_t> round_to_page(size_t v) {
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auto vp_or_err = add_no_overflow(v, EXEC_PAGESIZE - 1);
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if (!vp_or_err)
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return vp_or_err;
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return vp_or_err.value() & -EXEC_PAGESIZE;
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}
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LIBC_INLINE ErrorOr<void *> alloc_stack(size_t stacksize, size_t guardsize) {
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// Guard needs to be mapped with PROT_NONE
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int prot = guardsize ? PROT_NONE : PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
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auto size_or_err = add_no_overflow(stacksize, guardsize);
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if (!size_or_err)
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return Error{int(size_or_err.error())};
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size_t size = size_or_err.value();
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// TODO: Maybe add MAP_STACK? Currently unimplemented on linux but helps
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// future-proof.
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long mmap_result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(
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MMAP_SYSCALL_NUMBER,
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0, // No special address
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size, prot,
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MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, // Process private.
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-1, // Not backed by any file
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0 // No offset
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);
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if (mmap_result < 0 && (uintptr_t(mmap_result) >= UINTPTR_MAX - size))
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return Error{int(-mmap_result)};
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if (guardsize) {
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// Give read/write permissions to actual stack.
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// TODO: We are assuming stack growsdown here.
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long result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(
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SYS_mprotect, mmap_result + guardsize, stacksize,
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PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
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if (result != 0)
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return Error{int(-result)};
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}
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mmap_result += guardsize;
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return reinterpret_cast<void *>(mmap_result);
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}
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// This must always be inlined as we may be freeing the calling threads stack in
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// which case a normal return from the top the stack would cause an invalid
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// memory read.
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[[gnu::always_inline]] LIBC_INLINE void
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free_stack(void *stack, size_t stacksize, size_t guardsize) {
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uintptr_t stackaddr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(stack);
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stackaddr -= guardsize;
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stack = reinterpret_cast<void *>(stackaddr);
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LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(SYS_munmap, stack, stacksize + guardsize);
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}
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struct Thread;
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// We align the start args to 16-byte boundary as we adjust the allocated
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// stack memory with its size. We want the adjusted address to be at a
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// 16-byte boundary to satisfy the x86_64 and aarch64 ABI requirements.
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// If different architecture in future requires higher alignment, then we
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// can add a platform specific alignment spec.
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struct alignas(STACK_ALIGNMENT) StartArgs {
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ThreadAttributes *thread_attrib;
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ThreadRunner runner;
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void *arg;
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};
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// This must always be inlined as we may be freeing the calling threads stack in
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// which case a normal return from the top the stack would cause an invalid
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// memory read.
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[[gnu::always_inline]] LIBC_INLINE void
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cleanup_thread_resources(ThreadAttributes *attrib) {
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// Cleanup the TLS before the stack as the TLS information is stored on
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// the stack.
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cleanup_tls(attrib->tls, attrib->tls_size);
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if (attrib->owned_stack)
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free_stack(attrib->stack, attrib->stacksize, attrib->guardsize);
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}
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[[gnu::always_inline]] LIBC_INLINE uintptr_t get_start_args_addr() {
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// NOTE: For __builtin_frame_address to work reliably across compilers,
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// architectures and various optimization levels, the TU including this file
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// should be compiled with -fno-omit-frame-pointer.
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#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86_64
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return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(__builtin_frame_address(0))
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// The x86_64 call instruction pushes resume address on to the stack.
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// Next, The x86_64 SysV ABI requires that the frame pointer be pushed
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// on to the stack. So, we have to step past two 64-bit values to get
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// to the start args.
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+ sizeof(uintptr_t) * 2;
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#elif defined(LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_AARCH64)
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// The frame pointer after cloning the new thread in the Thread::run method
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// is set to the stack pointer where start args are stored. So, we fetch
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// from there.
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return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(__builtin_frame_address(1));
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#elif defined(LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_ANY_RISCV)
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// The current frame pointer is the previous stack pointer where the start
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// args are stored.
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return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(__builtin_frame_address(0));
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#endif
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}
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[[gnu::noinline]] void start_thread() {
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auto *start_args = reinterpret_cast<StartArgs *>(get_start_args_addr());
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auto *attrib = start_args->thread_attrib;
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self.attrib = attrib;
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self.attrib->atexit_callback_mgr = internal::get_thread_atexit_callback_mgr();
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if (attrib->style == ThreadStyle::POSIX) {
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attrib->retval.posix_retval =
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start_args->runner.posix_runner(start_args->arg);
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thread_exit(ThreadReturnValue(attrib->retval.posix_retval),
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ThreadStyle::POSIX);
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} else {
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attrib->retval.stdc_retval =
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start_args->runner.stdc_runner(start_args->arg);
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thread_exit(ThreadReturnValue(attrib->retval.stdc_retval),
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ThreadStyle::STDC);
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}
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}
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int Thread::run(ThreadStyle style, ThreadRunner runner, void *arg, void *stack,
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size_t stacksize, size_t guardsize, bool detached) {
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bool owned_stack = false;
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if (stack == nullptr) {
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// TODO: Should we return EINVAL here? Should we have a generic concept of a
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// minimum stacksize (like 16384 for pthread).
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if (stacksize == 0)
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stacksize = DEFAULT_STACKSIZE;
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// Roundup stacksize/guardsize to page size.
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// TODO: Should be also add sizeof(ThreadAttribute) and other internal
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// meta data?
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auto round_or_err = round_to_page(guardsize);
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if (!round_or_err)
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return round_or_err.error();
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guardsize = round_or_err.value();
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round_or_err = round_to_page(stacksize);
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if (!round_or_err)
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return round_or_err.error();
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stacksize = round_or_err.value();
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auto alloc = alloc_stack(stacksize, guardsize);
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if (!alloc)
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return alloc.error();
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else
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stack = alloc.value();
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owned_stack = true;
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}
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// Validate that stack/stacksize are validly aligned.
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uintptr_t stackaddr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(stack);
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if ((stackaddr % STACK_ALIGNMENT != 0) ||
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((stackaddr + stacksize) % STACK_ALIGNMENT != 0)) {
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if (owned_stack)
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free_stack(stack, stacksize, guardsize);
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return EINVAL;
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}
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TLSDescriptor tls;
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init_tls(tls);
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// When the new thread is spawned by the kernel, the new thread gets the
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// stack we pass to the clone syscall. However, this stack is empty and does
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// not have any local vars present in this function. Hence, one cannot
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// pass arguments to the thread start function, or use any local vars from
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// here. So, we pack them into the new stack from where the thread can sniff
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// them out.
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//
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// Likewise, the actual thread state information is also stored on the
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// stack memory.
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static constexpr size_t INTERNAL_STACK_DATA_SIZE =
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sizeof(StartArgs) + sizeof(ThreadAttributes) + sizeof(Futex);
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// This is pretty arbitrary, but at the moment we don't adjust user provided
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// stacksize (or default) to account for this data as its assumed minimal. If
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// this assert starts failing we probably should. Likewise if we can't bound
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// this we may overflow when we subtract it from the top of the stack.
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static_assert(INTERNAL_STACK_DATA_SIZE < EXEC_PAGESIZE);
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// TODO: We are assuming stack growsdown here.
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auto adjusted_stack_or_err =
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add_no_overflow(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(stack), stacksize);
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if (!adjusted_stack_or_err) {
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cleanup_tls(tls.addr, tls.size);
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if (owned_stack)
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free_stack(stack, stacksize, guardsize);
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return adjusted_stack_or_err.error();
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}
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uintptr_t adjusted_stack =
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adjusted_stack_or_err.value() - INTERNAL_STACK_DATA_SIZE;
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adjusted_stack &= ~(uintptr_t(STACK_ALIGNMENT) - 1);
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auto *start_args = reinterpret_cast<StartArgs *>(adjusted_stack);
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attrib =
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reinterpret_cast<ThreadAttributes *>(adjusted_stack + sizeof(StartArgs));
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attrib->style = style;
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attrib->detach_state =
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uint32_t(detached ? DetachState::DETACHED : DetachState::JOINABLE);
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attrib->stack = stack;
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attrib->stacksize = stacksize;
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attrib->guardsize = guardsize;
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attrib->owned_stack = owned_stack;
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attrib->tls = tls.addr;
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attrib->tls_size = tls.size;
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start_args->thread_attrib = attrib;
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start_args->runner = runner;
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start_args->arg = arg;
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auto clear_tid = reinterpret_cast<Futex *>(
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adjusted_stack + sizeof(StartArgs) + sizeof(ThreadAttributes));
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clear_tid->set(CLEAR_TID_VALUE);
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attrib->platform_data = clear_tid;
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// The clone syscall takes arguments in an architecture specific order.
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// Also, we want the result of the syscall to be in a register as the child
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// thread gets a completely different stack after it is created. The stack
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// variables from this function will not be availalbe to the child thread.
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#if defined(LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86_64)
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long register clone_result asm(CLONE_RESULT_REGISTER);
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clone_result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(
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SYS_clone, CLONE_SYSCALL_FLAGS, adjusted_stack,
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&attrib->tid, // The address where the child tid is written
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&clear_tid->val, // The futex where the child thread status is signalled
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tls.tp // The thread pointer value for the new thread.
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);
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#elif defined(LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_AARCH64) || \
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defined(LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_ANY_RISCV)
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long register clone_result asm(CLONE_RESULT_REGISTER);
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clone_result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(
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SYS_clone, CLONE_SYSCALL_FLAGS, adjusted_stack,
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&attrib->tid, // The address where the child tid is written
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tls.tp, // The thread pointer value for the new thread.
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&clear_tid->val // The futex where the child thread status is signalled
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);
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#else
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#error "Unsupported architecture for the clone syscall."
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#endif
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if (clone_result == 0) {
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#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_AARCH64
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// We set the frame pointer to be the same as the "sp" so that start args
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// can be sniffed out from start_thread.
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#ifdef __clang__
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// GCC does not currently implement __arm_wsr64/__arm_rsr64.
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__arm_wsr64("x29", __arm_rsr64("sp"));
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#else
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asm volatile("mov x29, sp");
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#endif
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#elif defined(LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_ANY_RISCV)
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asm volatile("mv fp, sp");
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#endif
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start_thread();
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} else if (clone_result < 0) {
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cleanup_thread_resources(attrib);
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return static_cast<int>(-clone_result);
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}
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return 0;
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}
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int Thread::join(ThreadReturnValue &retval) {
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wait();
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if (attrib->style == ThreadStyle::POSIX)
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retval.posix_retval = attrib->retval.posix_retval;
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else
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retval.stdc_retval = attrib->retval.stdc_retval;
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cleanup_thread_resources(attrib);
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return 0;
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}
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int Thread::detach() {
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uint32_t joinable_state = uint32_t(DetachState::JOINABLE);
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if (attrib->detach_state.compare_exchange_strong(
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joinable_state, uint32_t(DetachState::DETACHED))) {
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return int(DetachType::SIMPLE);
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}
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// If the thread was already detached, then the detach method should not
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// be called at all. If the thread is exiting, then we wait for it to exit
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// and free up resources.
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wait();
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cleanup_thread_resources(attrib);
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return int(DetachType::CLEANUP);
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}
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void Thread::wait() {
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// The kernel should set the value at the clear tid address to zero.
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// If not, it is a spurious wake and we should continue to wait on
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// the futex.
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auto *clear_tid = reinterpret_cast<Futex *>(attrib->platform_data);
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// We cannot do a FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE here as the kernel does a
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// FUTEX_WAKE and not a FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE.
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while (clear_tid->load() != 0)
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clear_tid->wait(CLEAR_TID_VALUE, cpp::nullopt, true);
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}
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bool Thread::operator==(const Thread &thread) const {
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return attrib->tid == thread.attrib->tid;
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}
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static constexpr cpp::string_view THREAD_NAME_PATH_PREFIX("/proc/self/task/");
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static constexpr size_t THREAD_NAME_PATH_SIZE =
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THREAD_NAME_PATH_PREFIX.size() +
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IntegerToString<int>::buffer_size() + // Size of tid
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1 + // For '/' character
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5; // For the file name "comm" and the nullterminator.
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static void construct_thread_name_file_path(cpp::StringStream &stream,
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int tid) {
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stream << THREAD_NAME_PATH_PREFIX << tid << '/' << cpp::string_view("comm")
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<< cpp::StringStream::ENDS;
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}
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int Thread::set_name(const cpp::string_view &name) {
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if (name.size() >= NAME_SIZE_MAX)
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return ERANGE;
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if (*this == self) {
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// If we are setting the name of the current thread, then we can
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// use the syscall to set the name.
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int retval =
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LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<int>(SYS_prctl, PR_SET_NAME, name.data());
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if (retval < 0)
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return -retval;
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else
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return 0;
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}
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char path_name_buffer[THREAD_NAME_PATH_SIZE];
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cpp::StringStream path_stream(path_name_buffer);
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construct_thread_name_file_path(path_stream, attrib->tid);
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#ifdef SYS_open
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int fd =
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LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<int>(SYS_open, path_name_buffer, O_RDWR);
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#else
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int fd = LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<int>(SYS_openat, AT_FDCWD,
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path_name_buffer, O_RDWR);
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#endif
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if (fd < 0)
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return -fd;
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int retval = LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<int>(SYS_write, fd, name.data(),
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name.size());
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LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(SYS_close, fd);
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if (retval < 0)
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return -retval;
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else if (retval != int(name.size()))
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return EIO;
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else
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return 0;
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}
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int Thread::get_name(cpp::StringStream &name) const {
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if (name.bufsize() < NAME_SIZE_MAX)
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return ERANGE;
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char name_buffer[NAME_SIZE_MAX];
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if (*this == self) {
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// If we are getting the name of the current thread, then we can
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// use the syscall to get the name.
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int retval =
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LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<int>(SYS_prctl, PR_GET_NAME, name_buffer);
|
|
if (retval < 0)
|
|
return -retval;
|
|
name << name_buffer << cpp::StringStream::ENDS;
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
char path_name_buffer[THREAD_NAME_PATH_SIZE];
|
|
cpp::StringStream path_stream(path_name_buffer);
|
|
construct_thread_name_file_path(path_stream, attrib->tid);
|
|
#ifdef SYS_open
|
|
int fd =
|
|
LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<int>(SYS_open, path_name_buffer, O_RDONLY);
|
|
#else
|
|
int fd = LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<int>(SYS_openat, AT_FDCWD,
|
|
path_name_buffer, O_RDONLY);
|
|
#endif
|
|
if (fd < 0)
|
|
return -fd;
|
|
|
|
int retval = LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<int>(SYS_read, fd, name_buffer,
|
|
NAME_SIZE_MAX);
|
|
LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(SYS_close, fd);
|
|
if (retval < 0)
|
|
return -retval;
|
|
if (retval == NAME_SIZE_MAX)
|
|
return ERANGE;
|
|
if (name_buffer[retval - 1] == '\n')
|
|
name_buffer[retval - 1] = '\0';
|
|
else
|
|
name_buffer[retval] = '\0';
|
|
name << name_buffer << cpp::StringStream::ENDS;
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void thread_exit(ThreadReturnValue retval, ThreadStyle style) {
|
|
auto attrib = self.attrib;
|
|
|
|
// The very first thing we do is to call the thread's atexit callbacks.
|
|
// These callbacks could be the ones registered by the language runtimes,
|
|
// for example, the destructors of thread local objects. They can also
|
|
// be destructors of the TSS objects set using API like pthread_setspecific.
|
|
// NOTE: We cannot call the atexit callbacks as part of the
|
|
// cleanup_thread_resources function as that function can be called from a
|
|
// different thread. The destructors of thread local and TSS objects should
|
|
// be called by the thread which owns them.
|
|
internal::call_atexit_callbacks(attrib);
|
|
|
|
uint32_t joinable_state = uint32_t(DetachState::JOINABLE);
|
|
if (!attrib->detach_state.compare_exchange_strong(
|
|
joinable_state, uint32_t(DetachState::EXITING))) {
|
|
// Thread is detached so cleanup the resources.
|
|
cleanup_thread_resources(attrib);
|
|
|
|
// Set the CLEAR_TID address to nullptr to prevent the kernel
|
|
// from signalling at a non-existent futex location.
|
|
LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(SYS_set_tid_address, 0);
|
|
// Return value for detached thread should be unused. We need to avoid
|
|
// referencing `style` or `retval.*` because they may be stored on the stack
|
|
// and we have deallocated our stack!
|
|
LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(SYS_exit, 0);
|
|
__builtin_unreachable();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (style == ThreadStyle::POSIX)
|
|
LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(SYS_exit, retval.posix_retval);
|
|
else
|
|
LIBC_NAMESPACE::syscall_impl<long>(SYS_exit, retval.stdc_retval);
|
|
__builtin_unreachable();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
} // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL
|