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Module files shouldn't ever produce parsing errors, and if they did in the case of a badly-generated module file, the compiler will notice and crash. So we can run the parser on module files with message deferral enabled, and that saves time that would otherwise be spent generating messages on failed parsing alternatives that are discarded anyway when backtracking. It's not a big savings (single digit percentage on overall compilation time for a big application with lots of modules), but worth doing.
Flang
Flang is a ground-up implementation of a Fortran front end written in modern C++. It started off as the f18 project (https://github.com/flang-compiler/f18) with an aim to replace the previous flang project (https://github.com/flang-compiler/flang) and address its various deficiencies. F18 was subsequently accepted into the LLVM project and rechristened as Flang.
Please note that flang is not ready yet for production usage.
Getting Started
Read more about flang in the docs directory. Start with the compiler overview.
To better understand Fortran as a language and the specific grammar accepted by flang, read Fortran For C Programmers and flang's specifications of the Fortran grammar and the OpenMP grammar.
Treatment of language extensions is covered in this document.
To understand the compilers handling of intrinsics, see the discussion of intrinsics.
To understand how a flang program communicates with libraries at runtime, see the discussion of runtime descriptors.
If you're interested in contributing to the compiler, read the style guide and also review how flang uses modern C++ features.
If you are interested in writing new documentation, follow LLVM's Markdown style guide.
Consult the Getting Started with Flang for information on building and running flang.