RFC: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-a-poly-dialect-for-polynomial-arithmetic/73891 This PR implements the minimal work needed to represent the polynomial type such that it can be tested with `lit`. In this PR: - Dialect shell - `Polynomial` data structure needed for folding - Polynomial attributes (`PolynomialAttr` and `RingAttr` which store a polynomial) - `polynomial.polynomial` type - Basic lit tests --------- Co-authored-by: Jeremy Kun <j2kun@users.noreply.github.com>